Impact of Corruption on Nigerias Unemployment Rates

Impact of misleadion on Nigerias Unemployment RatesIntroductionUnemployment has eaten so duncish into the Nigerian order to the extent that the citizens have learnt to live with it, with a meet that nothing can be done about it. This attitude of Nigerians towards this stake of unemployment heretofore is a negative approach of dealing with such heterogeneous and complicated issue that has had tremendous negative cushion on the rural area, nearly of which are robbery, kidnapping, rapes, oil bunkering etc. tally to the Manpower Board and the federal official Bureau of Statistics, the Nigerian youth population is 80 million and this represents 60% of the entire population (Awogbenele and Iwuamadi, 2001). It provided explains that 64 million of them are unemployed, season 1.6 million are under-employed. It is very unfortunate that such ugly promulgate of unemployment could be heard of a country alike Nigeria with so overmuch natural and mineral resources. consort to the statistical rebasing exercise of 2014, Nigeria has assumed the cast of the largest growing miserliness in Africa, with an estimated GDP of 502 billion USD (CIA). Such economy ordinarily would have increased the human activity of industries and attracted foreign investors to the country, at that placeby increase the employment account in the country, simply the presence of demoralise practices in the country have been an impediment to the increase enumerate of employment in the country despite its enormous resources. According to Transparency International (TI) depravation perspective index of 20013, Nigeria ranked 144 of 177 countries. The high unemployment rate in Nigeria has been attri hardlyed to putridness.In a bid to combat putrescence in Nigeria, death chair Olusegun Obasanjo established the Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practice Commission (ICPC) in 1999 to act as a watchdog for earthly concern officials and check co rrupt practices, but these commissions have as well been plagued by nepotism and the recruitments of mediocre or candidates that are un do in preference to qualified candidates. Other measures towards combating corruption have failed as the process also involves corrupt human race officials, more like fighting an evil with the same evil. degeneration in Nigeria has become an issue of global dis strain and has attracted comments from several scholars however, this physical composition seeks to expose the corrupt practices in the country, in a pursuit for a change in the employment status of the country. In achieving this, this paper perplex a nexus betwixt corruption and unemployment, going forward to observe and analyse corrupt practices in the country and how it has impacted the unemployment rate in the country, at that placeafter, proffer solutions to the problems of unemployment in Nigeria by suggesting many mechanisms that go forth help to check up on the evil of corr uption that is prevalent in Nigeria.Research QuestionAs can be seen from the introduction, the Nigerian situation of high rate of unemployment is unequaled be actor ordinarily this should not be the case with Nigeria be source of her oil wealth. However, this paper suggests some enquiry questions that if answered adequately go away solve the puzzle in our minds and permit a cure to this illness of unemployment in Nigeria. My research questions includeIs there a relationship between corruption and unemployment?How has corruption impacted on the unemployment rate in Nigeria?JUSTIFICATION It is not a misconception to suggest a high level of employment and an increasing industrial society in a dry land that is endowed with huge natural and mineral resources. The Nigerian situation is an exception in the sense that despite her abundant resources, the citizens liquid suffer high rate of unemployment. The increasing rate of unemployment in the country has been attributed to presence o f corrupt public officials in the political, scotch and social personal matters of the nation. The corrupt practices of such corrupt officials which include nepotism, money laundering, mismanagement of public fund, bribery, fraud have increased the unemployment rate in the country.The uniqueness of the Nigerian situation triggered my interest in this paper, with the aim of keeping the nexus between corruption and unemployment and thereafter explain how corrupt has impacted (negatively) on the unemployment rate in Nigeria. In answering the above listed research question, I will attempt to analyse the corrupt practices among public officials in Nigeria and evaluate its impact (of these practice) on the unemployment rate in the country. This paper will go a step further to proffer possible mechanism that could curb the stake of corruption, thereby reducing the unemployment rate in the country by adequately utilizing their Gods given resources for the good of the citizens.LITERATURE REVIEW/THEORITICAL frameworkThe variables included in this paper are corruption and unemployment. degeneration is the self-directed variable that determines the unemployment rate (dependent variable) in the country. Increases in corruption will to the highest degree likely lead to an increase in the unemployment rate in a country and a decrease in corruption will also mean a decrease in the unemployment rate in the country. However, an increase in the unemployment rate in a country could also cause an increase in corruption because there a high accident of an unemployed population to indulge more in corrupt practices as a means of livelihood, therefore the dependent variable could also cause the independent variable. I will say however that there is a correlation between both variables because the high rate of unemployment in Nigeria is caused by the increase in corruption in the country. There is also a cofounding variable Z that makes the relationship between both variables misbegotten because there are states that are corrupt and yet witness low unemployment rate and there are also states that have reduced rate of corruption and still experience high rate of unemployment. This existence of these states with exceptions shows a spurious relationship between corruption and unemployment.Definition of ConceptsThe term corruption has been specify conceptually and operationally by different scholars and institutions. Corruption as define by Transparency International (TI) is the misuse of entrusted power for nonpublic gains. Corruption is a menace that occurs not besides in create countries, but also in the first world countries, however, it is prevalent in developing countries of Asia and Africa. Corruption is not limited to a particular political system, but as a regular phenomenon, it exists in all forms of political system. well related to the definition of corruption by Transparency International, the ground avow definition of corruption goes t hus the misuse of public office for private gain. According to Brooks, corruption is intentional because public officials are conscious(predicate) of their duties, but they neglect it for reasons that are not intended by the state (Brook 1970). Corruption is referred to as mother of all crime and is included in four forms which include bribery, graft, nepotism and prebendalism (Akinseye 2000). Conclusively, I see corruption as an hot extra benefit that is sought by public officials at the disadvantage of public. I call it illegal extra benefit because they not lawfully entitled to it.Unemployment however, can be described as the condition of persons who are willing and able to work, but are not able to find job. When the supply of labour is more that the demand for labour, this could cause unemployment and joblessness as a result of lack of employment, youths may be forced to indulge in illegal means of livelihood and this may result in unemployment (Echebiri 2005 Onah 2001). Th e confused forms of unemployment include frictional, structural, seasonal and cyclical employment. According to a report by the International labor Organisation, the global rate of unemployment is increasing steadily and the number of people without job has increased to above 195million, which is 6.3% in the world (ILO 2007). An increasing per cent of this figure are found in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. According to Todaro, the increasing rate of unemployment is geared by the take out of movement and economic activities from rural to urban areas (Todaro 1992). The unemployed is defined by the International Labour Organisation as the amount of a population who are economically active and are without job, but are willing and are desire jobs including those that have voluntarily dropped their work and those that have alienated their jobs. (World Bank 199863). Unemployment in Nigeria however can be divided into two those that have lost their jobs and those that hav e not ever been employed.In this paper, I subscribe to the Huntington conjecture of modernisation that focuses on the process of change and the reaction of states to such changes. This however forms my theoretical base for the purpose of explaining the problem of corruption of which unemployment is a product. The modernisation theory also implies a breakal process from a traditional society to a modern society through the introduction of modern practices. According to Adefulu, modernisation theory is one of the theories of corruption. He argued that political stability, inequality and corruption were breaded by the political and economic process of state modernization (Adefulu, 2007). The transformation from traditional states to modern societies left some loop holes for corrupt practices. This has further increased the unemployment rate in Nigeria. In the society before modernisation, public officials were not as corrupt as in our contemporary days. Companies like the African Tim ber and Plywood, Sapele, Nigeria, the Delta Steel Company, Delta state, Nigeria and several other big industries and companies in Nigeria that employed thousands of Nigerians were functional and active until this modernisation process started, where Nigeria started modernisation practices as opposed to the previous state system where top leaders and rulers owe allegiance to the traditional institution. The consequence of corrupt practices in public offices in the traditional institution was death and the fear of this consequences reduced corruption to the barest minimum. existence officials then were accountable and responsible in their operations and the society experienced a very low rate of unemployment because of the reduced rate of corruption.The transfer to a modern state system has increased the corruption rate, thereby increasing the rate of unemployment in the country.HYPOTHESES.Given the above mentioned theoretical framework, my speculation in this work is.There is a cor relation between corruption and unemployment.Corruption has impacted negatively on the unemployment rate in Nigeria. info AND METHODOLOGYMy research data (collection of information) will include both firsthand and secondary sources.Primary Sources Data that will be collected from elemental source will include personal interview.Secondary Sources Secondary sources for my research will include Transparency International Corruption indicator (TI), CIA World incident book, World Bank data etc. these sources have provided adequate, complete and reliable information that have been of help to researchers, hence I recollect them worthy of reference. Academic journals and articles will also be consulted in the course of my work.This paper will rely on observational study and will involve a small-n design by focusing on retributive Nigeria as my case study because the paper seeks to examine not only a relationship between corruption and unemployment, but also to severalise how corrupt ion has been able to cause a high rate of unemployment in Nigeria and possible solutions to this problem of unemployment in the country.REFERENCESAkinseye George, Y Legal System, Corruption and government in Nigeria, Lagos. (2000)Adefulu A. Razaa Neo Patrimonialism the modern Africans state and corruptions syndrome. (2007)Awogbenle, A.C. Iwuamadi, K.C Youth Unemployment Entrepreneurship Development computer program as an Intervention Mechanism. . (2010)Central Intelligence Agency The World Fact Book (2014)Echebiri, R.N Characteristics and Determinants of Urban Youth Unemployment in Umuahia, Nigeria (2005)International Labor organization Youth Pathway to Decent Work (2005).Todaro, M England Longman Group, U.K. Limited political economy for a Developing World, (1992)Transparency International Corruption Perspective Index (2013)World Bank World Development Indicators. Washington, D.C. (1998)