About Type 2 Diabetes Essay Example for Free

About eccentric 2 Diabetes judgeAround 2.6 trillion lot in the UK consent been diagnosed with diabetes. About nine in 10 of these people turn out fiber 2 diabetes. It usually affects people oer the age of 40, only if gage surface at all age. People of African-Caribbean or southwest Asian origin ar more likely to develop oddball 2 diabetes. It usually affects them earliest in life, from about the age of 25. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common, particularly in children. Type 2 diabetes develops when your clay cant produce enough insulin or if your body doesnt serve to insulin as it should. Insulin regulates the level of glucose in your store. Glucose is a simple form of sugar found in foods and sweetened drinks. Its absorbed by your body as a natural part of digestion and is carried near your body in your extraction. When glucose reaches your body tissues, such as muscle cells, its absorbed and converted into energy. Insulin is secreted into your crosscur rent by your pancreas, which is a gland located behind your stomach.If your cells dont respond properly to insulin, it can cause glucose to build up in your tear. This is called insulin resistance. If this happens, your pancreas take ins to produce more and more insulin to overcome the resistance and control your blood glucose levels. Types of diabetes at that place be two main parts of diabetes type 1 and type 2. There atomic number 18 about two million people in the UK who reserve diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the common form, affecting nine out of any 10 people with diabetes. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes Many people with type 2 diabetes render no obvious symptoms. Its often discovered during a routine medical check-up with your GP.If you do choose symptoms of type 2 diabetes, you whitethorn pass more urine than usualSee more My Writing Process Essaybe constantly thirstyhave unexplained weight lossbe extremely timewornhave wooly-minded visionhave itchy skin around your g enitals or bring down regular infections, such as thrushnotice that wounds such as cuts heal slowlyIf you have any of these symptoms, see your GP. nitially, some people find they dont have any symptoms. So if you telephone you may be at risk of type 2 diabetes, speak to your GP about having a screening blood hear.Complications of type 2 diabetes If type 2 diabetes isnt diagnosed or controlled properly, you can develop blood glucose levels that argon either too high (hyperglycaemia) or too low (hypoglycaemia). Hyperglycaemia If type 2 diabetes is poorly controlled or you get an infection, glucose can build up in your blood and climb to high levels. This can cause you tobe thirstypass urine excessivelyhave blurred visionfeel tiredVery r arly, if you cash in ones chips dehydrated and your blood glucose rises to very high levels, you can develop a condition called hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. This can cause you to become drowsy and potentially unconscious. Hyperosmolar hyperg lycaemic state is a medical emergency and packs to be tr buryed in hospital. In the long-term, uncontrolled high blood glucose levels can increase your risk ofkidney failureblindnessnerve damageheart disease injectionHypoglycaemiaSome times, if your medication is too strong or you miss a meal, your blood glucose levels can become too low (hypoglycaemia). This only happens if youre victorious certain medicines such as gliclazide (or others of the same type), repaglinide or insulin (of any type). If your blood glucose is low, you may go pale, feel sweaty and become confused. If you develop hypoglycaemia, its important to eat or drink something containing glucose, for example fruit juice or some sweets.Causes of type 2 diabetesThere are several risk factors that make you more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, including if youare overweight or obese in particular, if youre an apple shape with lots of fat around your abdomen (tummy)have a close family member with the conditionare of African-Caribbean or South-Asian originare over 40 your risk increases with agehave high blood pressure or have had a heart attack or strokedont exercise regularlyhave severe mental health problemsare a woman and have polycystic ovary syndrome and are overweightare a woman and have had diabetes that developed during pregnancy (gestational diabetes) If you have a condition such as impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glycaemia, this means the level of glucose in your blood is naturally higher than normal and youre more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.Diagnosis of type 2 diabetesYour GP volition ask about your symptoms and examine you. He or she may alike ask about your medical history. You may need to have some of the following tests.Urine test. You go out need to give a sample to be tested for glucose. Fasting blood glucose test. You provide have a sample of blood taken from your arm to test for glucose. You will need to fast overnight before having this test. You may have this with a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) test. HbA1C is a protein that is produced when you have high blood glucose levels over a long period of time. Glucose tolerance test. This may be needed if your fasting blood glucose test is borderline. It measures how your blood glucose level changes over time after you have a sugary drink. You will need to fast overnight before having this test.Treatment of type 2 diabetesThere isnt a cure for type 2 diabetes but it can be controlled. Some people can control their condition with life-style changes alone. Others need to take medicines or use insulin injections. Self- religious service By making the following lifestyle changes, you can economic aid control your blood glucose levels. Eat a healthy balanced diet with regular meals, common chord times a day. Include carbohydrates, such as pasta or potatoes in each meal.Aim to do 150 transactions of moderate exercise over a week in bouts of 10 minutes or more. This will assist you to stay a healthy weight and control your blood glucose levels. just drink alcohol in moderation and stick within the recommended limits. If you smoke, give up. Smoking is unhealthy for everyone, but its especially important to stop if you have diabetes because you already have an increased risk of developing circulative problems and cardiovasculardisease.Oral medicinesIf lifestyle changes alone dont nurture your blood glucose levels under control, you may be prescribed medicines. Some examples are listed below. Metformin plays by reducing the amount of glucose that gets released into your blood stream from your liver. It also improves the way glucose is used by your muscles. Gliclazide, glipizide, glimepiride and tolbutamide help your pancreas to produce more insulin. Repaglinide and nateglinide also help your pancreas to produce more insulin, but work more quickly and last for a shorter time. Acarbose lowers your blood glucose by slowing down the rate at which some carboh ydrates are absorbed by your body. Pioglitazone reduces your bodys resistance to insulin.Sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin help your body to produce more insulin at mealtimes. These medicines are usually taken between one and three times a day.InjectionsYou may be prescribed other medicines such as exenatide or liraglutide. These medicines are given by injection and work by helping your body to make more insulin when its needed. They can also reduce your appetite and help you lose weight. If lifestyle changes and medicines cant keep your blood glucose levels under control, you may need to have insulin injections as well as, or instead of, tablets. You will usually inject yourself with insulin once or twice a day, using either a teentsy needle or a pen-type syringe with replaceable cartridges. There are several different types of insulin that work at different rates and for different lengths of time.Ask your GP for advice on which type is best for you. If you have insulin in jections, you will need to monitor your blood glucose levels with a home test kit. This involves taking a pinprick of blood from your finger and putting a drop on a testing strip. A meter will read the result automatically. Your GP or diabetes specialist nurse will show you how to monitor your blood glucose levels and tell you how often you need to check it. Monitoring your blood glucose level You may also need to have your levels of HbA1C tested at least twice a year. The test is done by taking blood from a vein in your arm or sometimes a drop of blood from a fingerprick. Its used to see how well youre controlling your blood sugarlevels.