Final Exam on Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Final Exam on Strategic commission - Essay ExampleBased on the information provided in this case, you atomic number 18 required to prepare and hire a report outlining the following in your applicationStatistics of the revenue generated by motley online moving picture rental musical arrangements prove that the evolution of the industry has moved extremely high since the sentence videodisks were introduced in 1997 and phasing out of VHS. to the highest degree organizations in the business of DVD/rental of DVDs have witnessed predominant resurrectth - eg. Netflix 74%, DVD gross revenue 34%, apart from companies such as Blockbuster video, Wal-Mart, Movie impulsion, Walt Disneys movies on demand, have reported a highly positive trend of revenue, which confirms that the market size of the movie entertainment is rapidly growing, and expected to grow further at an international market level, however with positive technology advancements. It is predicted by Analysts that the mark et of online movie/video game rental is expected to grow more than $30 billion by 2006.a) The geographical areas of online movie rental companies are with a spread world wide, either with direct outlets, franchises, sales of DVDs, DVD recorders, or download from the internet, thereby resulting in global competition.i. b) Number of rivals The rental of movies are available are throughOnline rentals.Physical retail stores and stand alone outlets.Physical retail store rental outlets.Websites PC downloads Piracy of DVDsSales of DVD recorders.c) Size of Competitors and services The introduction of consumer electronic product being sales of the Digital Video disc, where movies are available through wide range of channels, following are the various size of competitorsi. Netflix one of the worlds largest online movie rental service provider, founded in 1997 and successfully achieved a base of 1 million subscriber over a span of 3 years being half the time span achieved by AOL which is anot her online service provider. Netflix offers a choice of 15000 movies to its customers, with leading 15 distribution outlets, where DVDs dawn more than 90 percent of its subscribers with generally one business- twenty-four hour period delivery. It also offers personalized movie recommendations to its members, and also allows members to parcel and recommend movies to one another. It has reported a business growth of 74%.ii. Blockbuster video - an organization in business of video cassettes, DVD and video games, with most of its revenue from United States, with their innovative broadcast of pay-per-view co-branded with DIRECTV. Blockbuster reported $5.5 billion in 2002 and grown to 8500 franchised stores. They offered 44 movie selection a day to subscribers.iii. Wal-Mart - One of the largest retailer, reported an income of $244.5 billion, established itself largely in the United States with 3200 facilities and 1100 facilities abroad, with 7 distribution centres.iv. Movie Gallery An o rganization that had grown after acquiring Mom-and-pop video stores and with further

Assignment1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment1 - Essay ExampleThe political opinion of different aeronautical projects is presented in depth under this section. The website has fact sheets, which reveal the companys mission, facilities, resources, and projects. The fact sheets belong to different centers of the NASA alliance (Sorby and Bulleit 56). The content of each fact sheet depends on its relevance to the specific centers in which it is placed. For example, at that place be documents depicting different aeronautics fact sheets and Dryden Flight Research Center. Each of the 11 centers has fact sheets, which find its activities and projects. Moreover, the website has press kits, which contain different sets of packaged promotional materials used by the company. Administrators speeches atomic number 18 also feature in this section. Finally, the website features its budgetary plans and the reports of its achievements.Evidently, the writing style of the documents depends on the target audience as well as the sub ject. Documents that focus on activities and projects are written in accordance with scholarly regulations that define writing in engineering. On the other hand, documents that target the public are written in plain language to fire understanding. Illustrations are used in some of the documents in an effort to enhance the content covered (76). Notably, the social function of adopting a technical communication style in the documents available in the NASA website is to ensure that scientific concepts are conveyed to the public effectively. Specialists in engineering may also benefit from the technical communication from the company.Since I curb learned several tips on technical communication, I can make efforts of writing documents that meet the exhibited standard. However, there is a need for further training and experiential learning before I can extend to the expertise required to write such

Globalization and Its Biggest Winners and Losers Essay

Globalization and Its Biggest Winners and Losers - Essay ExampleGlobalization is characterized by many factors including increased outside(a) trade, multinational companies whose activities are based in several nations, great dependence on the global thrift and free movement of capital goods and services. Although associated with many sparing benefits to the participating nations, research has indicated that many nations fail to whoop it up the benefits anticipated from globalization (Jacobs and Michael, 2003). The Biggest Winners and Losers in a Globalized World Several years of globalization efforts witnessed have lead to an imbalanced economic scenario where economists have unanimously come into a consensus that globalization only favours some nations. A critical examination and comparison of both highly- real and undeveloped nations is a clear revelation of this existence (Bhagwati, 2004). Because of this imbalance, developed nations have emerged out as the biggest winners in a globalised world. These developed nations include America, china Canada and separate nations in Europe and some parts of Asia. Undeveloped nations are mainly instal in Africa and some parts of South America. Developed nations economies are largely industrially driven as unlike to undeveloped nations who mostly rely on agriculture as their main economic drive. The disparities translucent in export levels between developed and undeveloped nations is a typical example how developed nations absorb in a globalized economy as opposed to their undeveloped counterparts. A report published by an independent group of scholars and economic experts focusing on living patterns in poor countries indicated living standard were worse than it was a decade ago. According to this report a fifth of the worlds richest nations were found to control 82 percent of the world export market. Direct investment is highly dominated by people from the richest with high figures of 68 percent. While maj ority of populations in poor countries still live downstairs poverty levels characterized by widespread unemployment, a big population in developed nations are engaged and they live above poverty levels (George, 2007). Globalization has led to opening up of market base, which has in frolic triggered increased industrial production of unhomogeneous commodities in order to cater for the increased customer needs. This has seen a rapid increase of exports from developed to undeveloped nations. As a result, industrial sector in developed nations experiences a harvest-tide due to ever-growing globalization. Growth of industrial sector avails several benefits in developed nations. It facilitates growth of other sectors such as education and infrastructure further contributing to economic growth. Contrary to slight developed nations, the rate of unemployment is much lower in developed nations due to ever-growing industrial sector. The level of innovativeness is withal greatly supplem ented by the wide variety of industries present in these nations (Roy, 2005). Over dependence of undeveloped nations for various products from their developed counterparts has led to emergence of market monopolies, which developed nations use for their own economic gain. There has been a rise in number on international companies originating from the rich nations and expanding their market base to the less developed nations. A typical example can be drawn from china, which has expanded its market base in African countries (Scholte, 2000). The country strategically produces low quality goods, which are affordable in the African market. Because of economic status of African market, such substandard goods often remain more popular as opposed to genuine but more expensive goods. The benefits leapt through this strategy are immeasurable and have vie a crucial in

Information Literacy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Information Literacy - Assignment interpreterThis quotation is appealing as it captures everything about information literacy. This is so because information literacy does not mean full the mere knowledge of information that is in existence but the use of that information to solve problems and slang decisions for the present and future. In this age unlike a few decades before, information has increased abundantly and in particular in the internet which is currently the main source of information worldwide. This much information is petrifying and mistake to deal. It therefore needs screen out to find out which of the information is relevant and which is not depending on the needs of the person.When an individual is information literate, it means that they develop the ability to be able to do that sorting out and as swiftly as possible without having any worries, requiring assistance or even victorious a lot of time to do so. Information literacy is a skill therefore that ever yone needs to have so that to be at par with the current technological trends and especially as it relates to communication with people not only within ones area but globally as

Assignments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

subsidisations - Assignment ExampleTherefore, involves fallacy of equivocation that encourages equality of parties. From the two argument presented by the pair, Zhou is self-centred as he tries to evade paying taxes by opposing government tax policy despite being wealthy enough to pay the taxes that can be distributed indirectly to help those who are poor to guarantee equal distribution of wealth . However, despite existence of tax policy, there exist get-outs where wealth quite a little go free without paying taxes hence measures such as follow up should be implemented to ensure everyone pays tax to facilitate the fallacy of equivocation.Third passage in the pair (Crittenden and Mirza) argument involves why American public school should shape up? Therefore, involves fallacy of slippery slope that is contradicted by the evidences provided by Mirza by providing an incidence of Continents such as Europe and Asia by displaying good student performance compared to students in America . Additionally, this can be evidenced by the history of industrialization where Europe became industrialized before

Enterprise Risk Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Enterprise Risk Management - Assignment ExampleThe collapse of the Lehman Brothers in the year 2008 payable to bankruptcy there was a grave financial crisis not only in the US that across the inherent world. In the 21st century the different economies of the world are closely affiliated with economic and bilateral ties which make one dependent and linked to the other. As a result, an event or incident taking place at distant corner of the world would invariable have an furbish up on the rest of the nations of the world, because they are connected to each other in one or more ways. In this paper, the researcher takes up crisis as the event of discussion in this paper. For convenience of study the entire paper is divided into a soma of sections and discussed. Firstly, the researcher defines crisis, states the different types of crisis, makes a discussion on the impacts of crisis, negotiation just about crisis management, the importance of crisis management and finally does a ca se study of the Lehman Brothers. Lastly, the researcher draws the conclusion establish on the entire discussion throughout the paper. The conclusion again verifies and validates the belief held by the researcher about the corporate crisis and its impact on the entire economy of the world.The organisation or a company is a single body comprising of a snatch of departments, the departments are again formed by a number of employees designated with particular job responsibilities. The anatomical structure and its entire range of its functioning make it a complex structure which needs efficient and strategic planning. The smooth functioning of a company is essential for the commercial achiever of the company and even for a strong foundation for the entire economic structure of the country. Countries with a number of successful companies are the ones with affluent economic teach. The close connection between successful companies and economic condition of a country can also be made out from the fact that with the crippling of a significant company can break the

Beach Trinkets E-Mail Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Beach Trinkets E-Mail Policy - Essay usageThis policy will govern any netmail sent through company e-mail system. It applies to alone the employees (full-time as well as part-time), interns, clients, suppliers, agents, and other stakeholders of the company. The e-mail policy applies to any location where the company e-mail is used, and entangles, entirely is not limited to homes, airports, and hotels. The Company reserves to the right to make changes to the policy. Any case of changes in the policy will be communicated to the users appropriately. Violation of the policy will be dealt with seriously and may include actions up to and including termination. The e-mail system of the company is meant only for business purposes. Employees may use their e-mails for personal purposes, but such usage is limited to communicating with family members during work breaks only and should make sure that this does not barricade work performance or business needs. The e-mail shall not be used fo r purposes like tune search, promotion of a religious, or a political cause, or for personal gains. However, employees shall save their personal e-mails in a separate folder named Private. This folder shall be cleaned once a week in order to prevent unnecessary load on the companys e-mail system. Use of e-mails operate by companies like (Yahoo, Gmail, Hotmail or others) is prohibited. The employees shall ensure these necessary conditions while sending an e-mailThe e-mail messages sent, received, or transmitted using e-mail is provided by the company are the property of the company, and the employees have no credible expectation of privacy. The company reserves the right to monitor, inspect, copy, review, store, edit, and delete any and all e-mails transmitted via the companys e-mail system. Any content created, downloaded, or uploaded through the companys e-mail system is probable to be under companys scrutiny.

Audience Ethnography. Commentary and observations on TV viewing Assignment

Audience Ethnography. Commentary and observations on TV viewing behaviour - Assignment moralThe youngest child commonly chose cartoons or adventure TV shows. Choice TV shows to a fault differed for the males and females, with the males gravitating towards action movies and cutthroat TV shows and the females opting for romantic movies, entertainment shows, and reality shows. The older adults were often observed observation documentaries. Common shows piqueted in the family included the early evening news. Watching TV news channels is generally considered a neighborly activity for the family because most members of the family watch it even if the younger audiences sometimes may not understand it (Gauntlet and Hill, 1999). When honoring the news, the parents often convey their opinions about the news with their older children. The eight year old boy was usually not paying attention to the news and was often seen doing his homework or playing games on the stamp pad device. The ol der children sometimes shared opinions about the news, but in general, they simply agreed with their parents. At times, they expressed their sadness about the news, especially if the news involved accidents or young people like them. The watching of the news in any case coincided with family dinner times and the family usually watched the news while eating their dinner. After watching the news, the members of the family had different viewing preferences, but as a family, they already acknowledged that there were times when it was somebodys turn to watch something on the TV. After the news on a Monday evening, they knew that their father like to watch Mythbusters and on a Tuesday evening, the family knew that the older children liked to watch their favourite TV series. On Saturday mornings, the family also allowed the youngest member of the family to watch cartoons. On Saturday afternoons, their father, grandfather, and middle child usually watched the replay of the Rugby match. O n Saturdays at 8 pm, the family usually put on a movie from their DVD selection, one which all of them could watch. The TV viewing logs indicate that television means different things to different viewers. Some individuals economic value it for its entertainment value and others believe that it is an important source of information into the bigger world. As such, it is more than entertaining, and it is also informative and riveting (Gillespie, 1998, in Gauntlett and Hill, 1998). The family enjoyed the time where they can watch together as a family because it meant that they could interact and socialize with apiece other and were together even for only an hour or two in a day. They also enjoyed Saturday evenings when they could watch a movie on the DVD player because it also meant that they could share in the TV experience. The rest of the time, they knew that they all had different tastes in films and TV shows and would also be busy with their own in the flesh(predicate) concerns . Watching DVDs was a way of bringing them all together regardless of their preferences in TV shows and watch a film as a family (Wilson, 2004). It was noted that the DVD player was used regularly by the different members of the family. Some used it to fill in their free time, to entertain themselves, to watch pre-recorded shows, and to simply yield favourite shows and movies (Gauntlett and Hill, 1999). Technology has now allowed for the pre-recording of programs to watch at a

Historic cost accounting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

historic cost accounting - Case Study ExampleUnemployment in the UK has fallen to a twenty fiver year low and yet ostentation has remained low. This shows that in that location has been an improvement in the trade-off between inflation and unemployment. The non accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (or NAIRU) has declined because of increased flexibility in the labour market and a reduction in structural unemployment. (Has the UK supply side improved)Estimates show that London has a higher level of lucres than the coupling East (approximately 40 per cent higher, and approximately 30 per cent higher than the Great Britain average), and has seen the strongest take proceeds between 1993 and 2003 in nearly all industry groups (especially in services industries). TheNorth East, by comparison, has cheaper wage costs in all industries compared with the Great Britain average (approximately 10 per cent less), and has seen a lower wage growth in nearly all industry groups.3 the bi g advantage of hca is that it sensations to absolute conclusion and it fits in perfectly with the cash flow statement. Hca tells us exactly what has been paid and what has been received and thusly there is no doubt about balance sheet amounts. The alternatives, where accountants attempt to take inflation into account, female genitals lead to many problems. There have been several forms of current cost accounting, purchasing power accounting and so on since the mid 1970s that have been proposed as alternatives to hca. The reason the alternatives have not survived, and IAS 15 on inflation accounting is about to be replaced, if it hasnt been already, is that no one can agree on the beat way to represent accounting evaluates. Hca provides definite values, other methods dont4 the disadvantages of hca include the fact that hca values can relate to transactions that could be a year old, 10 years old and as oft as 100 years old. Its true that some businesses have old equipment and old stocks (inventories) that are unagitated working well barely that were bought a long time ago the problem is that the acquisition value may be out of encounter and so the balance sheet is showing out of date values. Taxation problems come with inflation accounting. In times of high levels of inflation, profits are inflated and therefore the tax bill tends to increase this is the reason that inflation accounting was developed in the UK and elsewhere in the 1970s and onwards. Guess what, though Accountants found solutions to the inflation accounting problem that led to lower taxation but the Inland Revenue didnt like what the accountants

Terrorism and Torture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Terrorism and Torture - canvas ExampleThere is an equilibrium of political, social and economic factors that are overwhelmed by recent developments in the spirit of capitalism, which substantiate the contemporary use of torture as both legal and illegal means to achieving want goals of ruling regimes.When the unseasoneds of torture and abuse of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay and Abu Gharib Jail in Iraq came out, it became starting head of detailed discussions on the ethics of interrogating with bodily harm and noetic threats. Legally incertitudeing the inhuman interposition of suspects and the imprisoned has become an important aspect of the fence in on torture.There is a long and profoundly entrenched debate on the matter that whether torture is permissible under certain conditions or not. The debate is of course multidisciplinary as it draws arguments from various branches human knowledge ranging from criminology to political philosophy. The emergence of global risk society in cardinal first century has been the locus around which such debates on torture are popping up. The implicit in(p) spirit of the pro-torture arguments is the fact that the threats to security in twenty first century are decentred and uncertain. ... Curiously, terrorism and anti-terrorism in our times aim at the one and same thing the destruction of the enemy more than victory over him.The widening debates over the permissibility of torture for greater common good cannot be examined by detaching from the rural area of affairs from which the possibility of such debates arises. Influential theorists such as Hardt and Negri (2004) have argued that the present world is characterised by a civil war of global reach. The global civil war is the primordial resistance to what they go through as the materialisation of Empire in which total subsumption of life has become a reality. Thus, the resistance to the pudding stone is a fight to save life from being conquered by the global war m achine of the new transnational capitalist empire. Therefore, the fight to save life from being organised under the same logic of immaterial capitalist organization is inevitably and increasingly dealt with bodily torture and organised and directed mental harm.It is important to note that the debate on torture did not come into existence in a vacuum. It is not an attempt to answer theoretical questions, which are inspired from hypothetical models from philosophers gambles. On the other hand, as a matter of fact, the state of affairs concretely necessitates the debate on torture for the purpose of creating an adapted policy framework to deal with the complexities of new forms of violence and crimes that increasingly spreading throughout the world. The critical question is that how the constitutional democracies could answer the challenge of respecting human rights while effectively countering and mitigating the effects of

Adolescent Suicide Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Adolescent Suicide - Research Paper Example til now silly problems will be sensed as complicated ones and they may take decision to lay suicide to escape from such problems. In many cases, substance abuse, momentary pop off of emotional control, pretermit of counseling, negligence from p bents and beloved ones, stressful events are motivating teenagedrs to commit suicide. Teenagers with family history of suicide show to a greater extent tendencies to commit suicide. Nursing professionals can process teenage community immensely in preventing suicide. They can help teenagers to solve their physical as well as mental problems with the help of proper medications and counseling. This paper analyses the reasons of teenage suicide and the nursing implications with respect to this social problem. Adolescent Suicide Suicide is the third leading draw of death in 15 to 24 year olds, and the third leading cause of death in 10 to 14 year olds. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) There are 25 attempted suicides to one completed suicide - with the ratio even higher in youth and the strongest risk factors for attempted suicide in youth are depression, substance abuse, and aggressive or tumultuous behaviors (Teen Suicide, n.d). It is impossible to know the teenager who committed suicide first in this world. It is also impossible to assure who could be the last teenager to commit suicide. ... Although child death rates are decreasing steadily during the last few decades, youth suicide rate travels in the opposite direction in join Sates. Reasons for adolescent suicide and nursing implications According to Shilubane et al. (2012), Lack of knowledge of available counselors, conflicts in interpersonal relationships, perceived accusations of negative behavior, inadequate social support, past family and peer suicide attempts and poor living circumstances were factors prepare to be related with suicide attempts (Shilubane et al. 2012, p.177). As me ntioned earlier, many teenagers are committing suicide because of a momentary lapse in emotional control. For example, love affairs or dating relationships are common among current teenagers every(prenominal) over the world and the case of America is also non an exception. Teenagers who have feeble mental mightiness or self-confidence may think about committing suicide when their love affairs break. They may not bother too much to think about substituting the lost relationships with another one at that moment. For them breaking of their dating relationships is the end of the road. Nursing professionals can help teenagers to overcome the emotional catharsis at various moments in their life. Many studies have proved beyond doubt that lack of availability and glide path to counseling is the major reason for increased suicide rates among teenagers. Counseling should be done at individual levels and family levels to educate the public about how to overcome stressful events and avoid suicides. Family nurse practitioner (FNP) is a respected profession in America now and these professionals can help the community in usual and teenage community in particular in overcoming the tendencies of suicide. Poor living condition is

Human intellectual curiosity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Human intellectual curiosity - Essay causeGeography is also the study of the planetary variation of both natural and human phenomena on Earth. area of Geography is as old as human history. It was systematically studied by the ancient Greeks, who also developed a philosophy of Geography. The most prominent of them were Thales, Eratosthenes, Aristotle, Strabo, and Ptolemy. The Romans also made contributions to Geography by doing the use of previously unknown lands. The Arabs also bequeathed in the progress of Geography during the Middle Ages.Human beings have constantly been involved in pondering over Nature. The rattling initial recorded achievements were those of the Greeks. Thales was the first philosopher whose mythology was used to inform the nature of the physical world. He introduced Geometry and was a prominent astronomer. He was also the first man who started the real process of pondering and predicting.Raphael Sanzio was the gravid painter and philosopher whose name is used for the famous Raphaels The School of Athens. During those age of the 16th century, the meaning of the great old ages was being rediscovered and absorbed in Europe. His painting shows the constellation of great Greek philosophers in a beautiful way. The two great scholars, Plato and Aristotle, are present at the pump of his painting.Plato and Aristotle were two of the great Greek philosophers. ... , with Plato holding his hand upright as if to indicate, Look to the perfection of the field for Truth, while Aristotle holds his arm straight out, implying Look around you as if you would know the Truth. Plato was also a sizable astronomer. He was among the first few great scientists who studied the sky with his limited resources and revealed m any(prenominal) facts that are pacify relevant with some minor amendments.Meterorologica, 340 B.C.Aristotles Meteorologica is considered to be the oldest study on meteorological subjects. The bulk of information turn out incorrect accor ding to new-made research, but it was considered to be authority in those days up to modern years. The Greek philosophers developed their theories just by observation and mere intellectual pondering, but they never did any experiments to prove them. Yet their theories -while not quite correct- helped a great deal in the foundation of the modern scientific knowledge. For example, some theories and theorems by the great philosopher Pythagoras are still relevant. Plato was deeply interested in Pythagoreanism, eve though he was reserved about him. He only mentioned him once by name in all his writings, and all we are told then is that he won the affections of his followers in an unusual phase by teaching them a way of life, which was called Pythagorean. Aristotle also wrote a special treatise on the Pythagoreans, which has not postdate down to us, but some of its quotations are found in later writers. These are of great note value as they deal with the religious side of Pythagorea nism.Antikythera Mechanism.The level reached by the Greeks in Astronomy and Engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism. In 1901, divers working off the isle of Antikythera found the remains of a 2,000-years-old

455 Week 7 D-6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

455 hebdomad 7 D-6 - Essay ExampleIn hospice care a patient suffering from a continuing disease in such a state that providing them with sermon that is curative in nature is of no use. Due to this the hospice care providers focus on providing support that ill person as well as their friends and family members while trying to help the patient attain relief from symptoms such as pain and bust caused due to the disease they are experiencing. The goals of treatment in both form of treatments is even quite different. In case of palliative care the goal is to help patients cure the disease they are suffering and in case of hospice care the goal is to provide comfort as cure is no longer attainable. The quantify at which these form of care are provided are even quite different. In case of time for the treatment of palliative care the treatment can occur anytime while the chronic disease that a patient is suffering is in its development stages. In case of hospice care the timing of this type of treatment depends on when the physician acknowledges and certifies that the patient may not be able to survive more than 6 months (Meier, 2010).Hui, D., Mori, M., Parsons, H., Kim, S., Li, Z., Damani, S., & Bruera, E. (2012). The Lack of Standard Definitions in the Supportive and Palliative Oncology Literature. Journal Of Pain And Symptom Management, 43(3), 582-592.

Controlling SLP Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Controlling SLP - Coursework Example ground on the obtained facts, technologies and strategies to preserve commission fudge have been suggested in this study. Controlling SLP It is often argued that management come across is essential in disposition to mitigate many comm nevertheless witnessed organisational issues, such as good conflicts, stakeholder interest conflicts and even employee as well as customer satisfaction problems. Studies based on accepted life examples, such as Grant (1996) and Barney (1986), also revealed a similar notion where managerial keep back has been reflected to have a direct influence on the increase of organizational efficiency. With this intention, McDonalds managerial endeavors in the recent years have been considered as a case example in this paper. Analyzing the management control efforts made by McDonalds Corporation in course of preserving its strategic and technological efficiency and transaction with the organizational issue, discussion of t his thesis tends to evaluate the dependency of process effectiveness on the degree of management control practiced in its internal business environment. The thesis further suggests McDonalds regarding the capital punishment of organizational efforts in order to mitigate the various organizational problems. ... Discussion McDonalds had to face number of challenges during the implementation of its business operations in its recent endeavors however, these issues were also identified in the introductory stage of the connection though at a much lesser frequency. In this context, it can be assumed that in the introductory phase, management is quite likely to have greater control over the business operations. Correspondingly, a relationship can be inferred from the fact that with greater management control, the organizational strategies can be penalize in a more comprehensive manner that in turn shall mitigate higher possibilities of issues (Emerald host Publishing Limited, n.d). Grad ually, with its expansion in the global platform, managerial control in McDonalds reduced. Subsequently, many issues confronted its unstable operations. Commonly, it was the social issues that were witnessed to affect the smooth functioning of the fast food retail giant in harm of rising awareness regarding obesity risks due to regular consumption of unhealthy fast food. In order to overcome the crisis situation, McDonalds initiated various strategies and techniques, imposing greater management control on its organizational functions. For instance, in overcoming the challenge faced, McDonalds adopted the technique to redesign its organizational culture and direct efficient leading style within the organization. Among the prime intentions behind applying this strategic procedure, was the organizational aim to enrich the transparency take aim in its procurement and production functions. The adoption of this policy proved quite beneficial for the company. It not only rejuvenated th e confidence in stakeholders but also fostered its brand impression in the global dais

Why is the fiction important to our non-fiction world Essay

Why is the fable important to our non-fiction reality - Essay Examplep inherent deep down the values that the non-fiction works advocate and thus it provides for real reasoning that the non-fiction writing works are generally more open to debate and criticism than the fiction texts.In this non-fiction world, the society plays a great use at changing the way fiction is taken and studied at the same cadence. There is a sense of pessimism related with fiction as it reflects notwithstanding upon the society and its criticism which is more or less a pictorial representation of stating the facts and truths as and when they unfold. manufacture essays and pieces of criticism port to solve the maze that develops within a readers mind from time to time. Since he is fed with so much information and data on his side, he is unaware of the extol ways that his life can turn into with the reading of fiction by his side. They seem to hide within the walls of fiction and remain on the backbu rner of different issues for most of the instances. (Ziolkowski, 1997) The reader goes in a deep cave, out from the practicalities of life and finds an escape route within fiction. What this offers is the other side of the truth. Fiction essays provide mystery, romance and so much more to the idle mind, which is also idealistic in nature. belles-lettres has left an indelible flavour on the minds of the common people within the society, be it in the form of fiction or non-fiction. Literature has opened up avenues of the thought process and has given them insight on different subjects, events, situations and generally near people. What is now reality seemed to be a craving in the distant past since literature was not easily accessible by the commoners and they had to pay for it to make it their own. Fiction has seemed to play a pivotal role within the world realms as it presents the other side of the world in a way. It makes people look ideal from an irrational setting. They become super-humans as a matter of fact. Thus fiction portrays the desires and cravings of

Prof 2 part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Prof 2 part 2 - Essay ExampleTheoretically, scientists whap how DS came about but not what triggers it although there are so-called risk factors to DS incidences. DS is a condition that needs to be extensively studied not only so that it depose be totally eliminated but also to help those born with this genetic defects live the closest to normal existence as possible. The purpose of this paper is to study the causes and effects of shore syndrome including its medical consequences and the accepted allot clinical, sociological, nutritional and psychological approaches in dealing with DS victims.In undertaking the study of this paper, the writer utilize several books, articles and other references to meet its objective, which is to understand the causes of Down syndrome, anticipate its medical consequences and how to best deal with DS patients, clinically, psychologically and socially.The article Down Syndrome culled from the Parenting and Child health website was vital in giving a make do overview of the genetic disorder. It familiarizes the reader, although rather cursorily, with the disorder. This was important so that a complete overview of the topic can be this instant had without having to read longer accounts initially (2008). This was likewise true with the article Birth Defects-Trisomy Disorders which can be form in the Better Health Channel website (2007).To find out the frequency of DS occurrence vis--vis assume rates in Australian, a visit to the WD website and a reading of the article Statistics by Country for Down Syndrome proved helpful although the statistics therein presented were products of mere extrapolation (2008). The article Down Syndrome and Genetic Cleansing by Rachel amyloid provided an idea how Australian mothers can anticipate a DS birth and how Australian pregnant women really deal with knowledge of imminent DS births (Mealy 2002).The book Prescription for Nutritional Healing A hard-nosed A-To-Z Reference to

Genting Group Essay Example for Free

Genting meeting EssayThe Genting Group was founded by the late Tan Sri (Dr.) Lim Goh Tong in 1965. It is one of Malaysias top multinational corporations. The Genting Group involves in several(prenominal) different sectors such as the leisure hospitality, power generation, oil color palm plantation, property development, biotechnology and oil gas sectors. Tan Sri (Dr.) Lim Goh Tong started his project with the building of a 20-kilometre private access road, across tough unsmooth terrains from the foothills to the summit of Mount Ulu Kali, located at 2,000 metres above sea level and as well as the first highlands reparation on the mountain in Malaysia which formerly named Genting Highlands Resort. For a corporation to grow, business objectives are important because objectives accommodate direction to a business. The Genting Group had been operating for 47years till today and we undersurface see it with our eye that it and so grows from strength to strength.This is becaus e The Genting Group had clearly stated out their goals and objectives and did well in achieving it. One of the goals of The Genting Group is cathexis for the Community. To achieve this goal, The Genting Group had set the objectives to help the corporation. The Genting Group done a great origin in achieving the objective in the year 2011 by dedicated amount more than than RM25 million to many an(prenominal) charities and community. The organizations that benefit from The Genting Group are Malaysian Liver Foundation, MAA-Medicare Kidney Foundation, OrphanCare Baby Hatch Programme, Malaysian Crime legal community Foundation, Malaysia Diabetes Association and The Federation of Chinese Associations Malaysia. As for the organizations in foreign country included The Straits multiplication School Pocket Money Fund, The Business Times Budding Artists Fund, Heartware Network, Milk Fund and the Jane Goodall Institute in Singapore the GREaT Foundation, BBCs Children In Need and malignant neoplastic disease UK through Race for Life events, Cancer UK, Comic Relief, Marie Curie Cancer Care, Japanese Red Cross and also the Japanese Earthquake Relief. anyway that when the Sultanah of Pahang DYMM Sultanah Hajjah Kalsom binti Abdullah officially launched the Orang Asli Che Wong Cultural Building in Lanchang, Pahang on 19 November 2011, The Genting Group donated a 2,800-square-foot cultural building which consists of a classroom, an exhibition room and a hall for performances that cost a total of RM180, 000 and the Genting employees also lend a helping hand by volunteered in the landscaping and beautificationefforts.Furthermore in Malaysia, the Group participated in the Roti 1Malaysia charity project. This project is successful with the kind sponsored of bread from Resorts knowledge domain Genting together with other hotels and bakeries in the Klang Valley and distribute to over 50 orphanages and homes weekly. Therefore from here we can see that The Genting Group had mak e their effort in helping the community generously and sincerely. This is shown when it is not only the corporation care the community but also the employees of Genting Group involve themselves too. Although The Genting Group had did well in their objectives, however I offer that The Genting Group could set out another objective in swan to achieve the goal, maintaining long-term sustainable growth in our core businesses. This objective is basically to care the customers, for example, Provide the best environment and service to customers and this can be achieved by improving the cassino.If we compare between the Resort World Sentosa Casino and Genting Highlands casinos, we can obviously see that the Genting Highlands casinos are not so good than the other one. This is because of the environment and ventilation. The ventilation of Genting Highlands casino was poor and the air is stuffy. This may be cause of the casinos is not smoke free and in that locationfore is liberal of ciga rette smoke. The decoration of the Genting Highlands casinos are more in the 80s, it looks old and tradition. On the other hand, the Resort World Sentosa Casino is more clean and good ventilation. This is because the casino was divided into smoking area and non-smoking area.The decoration of the casino is grand and the environment is more comfortable and relaxing compare with Genting Highlands casinos. The Resort World Sentosa Casino is more strict compare with Genting Highlands Casinos. In The Resort World Sentosa Casino, the security will not let customers without bye to enter the casino but for Genting Highlands Casinos, the securities will not check every single customer, therefore there may be underage youngster enter the casinos. The Genting Highlands Casinos should immediately take action in order to provide a better environment for their customers to ensure customers loyalty that can increase the profit of the company. As a conclusion, The Genting Group did do well in overa ll. It provides an array of enjoyment and fun for all people, from children to ripened citizen.

Dwi case with multiple fatalities Essay Example for Free

Dwi solecism with multiple fatalities EssayDriving spell being intoxicated is a estimable crime. This becomes more serious when the charge is juxtaposed with multiple fatalities including DWI charges. These charges include minor driving, underage drinking, resisting against arrest and general damage. (Kar, 145) Such an incident took place in Middletown in 1999. This is a perfect example of the multiple fatalities while driving. atomic number 1 Bitchel was 15 when he crashed his 1966 Ford on a public telephone booth.The officer in charge booked the offence and tried to measure his blood alcohol level suspecting him being drunk. To this Henry resisted and thus offence was created against the law. However with the help of force the officer registered the blood alcohol level was fit(p) in a much higher than the permissible level. (King, 126) Thus four major charges were lodged against Henry. The first was of underage driving without a valid license, the second charge was unde rage drinking as he was 15 years of age.The third was resisting arrest and it should be stated that Henry could have well done without this one. The last one was damage of public property in form of a telephone booth. The fifth and the chief(prenominal) issue that was charged against Henry was the case of drinking while driving. (Lamb, 243-245) It should be noted that the law is compel for the betterment of civic society and the good of the civilians. Therefore it is evident that the citizen should follow these rules.Otherwise, as in the case of Henry, there could be multiple fatalities including DWI charges and that is a must avoidable scenario. Works Cited Kar, P History of US Automobile Market (Kolkata Dasgupta Chatterjee 2005) pp 145 King, H Civic Fitness Today (Dunedin HBT Brooks Ltd. 2005) pp 126 Lamb, Davis Cult to last The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata. (Wellington National Book Trust. 2004) pp 243-245

Effective communication Essay Example for Free

Effective communication Essay place situations where you contribute effectively demonstrated each of the forms of communication mentionedEffective communication is an important part of my vocation role. On a daily basis I need to communicate with various different people. Firstly, I pull in to collect the information from various parts of our organisation, this is normally done over email, however on some occasions this requires further explanation and this would be done over the telephone or case to face. Once the information is prepared, I distribute this via emails, internally to the managers to review. Once this has been reviewed by the management team, I and then distribute this externally to the client. What did you do to help communicate effectively?I send out the newfangled data to the client each week, however I then send out a encampment that summarises the figures in a clear and precise format. For the period review, the data is put into a PowerPoint presentati on. The client gets a copy of the slides that we discuss. We discuss each meeting whether anything should be changed going forward. There have been occasions we have gone into more detail, and others where we have summarised as the client is happy with the figures behind this. How have your communication skills helped you to break your performance elsewhere? The effective communication in this particular example has increased my confidence in certain areas. I also think that by asking for feedback regularly, I can ensure I am reporting exactly what people want to see in the formats they want too. I have applied this to other areas of my job role.

Essay on Tension Essay Example for Free

stress on Tension EssayThe Turn of the Screw, which was written in the late nineteenth century, is acclaimed by critics for the instal up of tension and the tense aureole that its author, Henry crowd, creates throughout the novella. James achieves this by exploiting several cites and features of the book. James manipulates the prologue of the novella by creating a group of listeners who are in anticipation for the story further more than the character who narrates the story is non immediately able to retrieve the manuscript, this deliberate die away down of tempo, cooks suspense antecedent the tale and it prepares the proofreader for a thrilling story. The setting of the novella is besides utilize to build atmosphere, a technique that James regularly employs is contrasting a moment of tranquil with unrivaled of danger. This produces a sagacious difference and thus makes the scene of peril seem even more suspenseful. The ghosts of Quint and Jessel are by chance the largest contributors to the atmosphere and tension within the novel James uses both ghosts to create a threat to the children which causes dreadful tension and it is the central plot in the book.The children themselves are besides manipulated by James to create atmosphere, their demeanour is continually reiterated as perfect and virtuous to such an extent that the reader is almost persuaded to think that their is something not quite natural about them. James uses the prologue to introduce the story and also to create a suspenseful atmosphere about what is to follow. During the prologue there are a group of guests who James uses to create tension. These listeners evidently have intercourse listening to stories, especially if they involve ghosts and horror. sufficiently breathless, no comment was uttered are phrases which are used to describe their attitude towards the stories, clearly conveying the interest and avidness that the guests and frame narrator have for the stories u niverse told. The listeners create an atmosphere of eagerness for the story which is very effective since James readers might also succeed this feeling. The character of Douglas plays a pivotal to the build up of tension in the prologue.Upon the first mention of his story, he plays on the emotions of the listeners by continually reiterating how horrifying and terrible the story that he has all of them waiting in anticipation for is. It is quite too horrible, nothing at all that I know touches it Douglas is gradually construct up the suspense ahead his story by mentioning how horrible it is, this feeling of impending disaster that the other guests wait in buoyant faceancy for, before knowing the full details of the story adds to an atmosphere of suspense.The combined particulars that the manuscript has to be sent for and further compounded by the knowledge that is locked onward also contributes to the same effect, the prolonged wait for the manuscript adds to a feeling of avid ness for the story and also the fact that it is locked away has cryptive connotations which suggest that its contents are so terrible that it must be kept away from the world. By now it seems that Douglas appears to have his listeners transfixed upon him and have necessity to listen to his story.The interjection, oh how delicious which was cried by one of the women present the term delicious possibly infers a feeling which is almost desperation for the story. Likewise the way, in which the audience gives a unanimous groan, when the telling of the tale is delayed suggests that they long to hear the story. This deliberate slow down, builds up the tension to what the audience and reader are prepared for a gruelling tale. The gradual build up of suspense through the prologue preludes the main story, in consecrate to exemplify an atmosphere of anticipation and dread of what is to follow.James now uses the setting of the novella to create tension. He allows us to see into the Governess m ind and we, resembling her anticipate Bly to be a place of dread since she had expected something so melancholy. It is usual for one to expect that a large country estate which is the setting of a ghost story will be isolated, old and gothic. James cleverly manipulates our assumptions to create an atmosphere of tension. Instead of the gothic building that we expect, we are introduced to something much(prenominal) more pleasant the Governess upon her arrival is surprised and delighted at what she sees what greeted me was a good surpriseI remember as a most pleasant impression. This peaceful setting lulls the reader into a wrong sense of security, however at the back of our minds is the idea from the prologue that the story will be horrifying which makes the reader suspicious of the circumstances surrounding the following events thus creating an atmosphere of tension. This same technique is used before the introduction of Peter Quint. In the pages preceding his apparition there is a vivid description of an idyllic setting such as the beauty and dignity of the place golden sky.James does this in order to produce a sharp contrast when the ghost appears, making the emergence of the ghost more of a shock and therefore more terrifying for his audience. With the ghost of Peter Quint now firmly fasten within the story, James uses him as a key contributor for creating an atmosphere of tension. James uses Miss Groses damnable presentation of Quint while he was alive in order to create tension. She describes him as snotty-nosed and depraved, spoiled, these quotations give a negative impression of Quint and portray him as an antagonist.However perhaps bastinado of all he is also related by Grose as clever and deep, exemplifying him as cipher and sinister. Because of his negative introduction the reader is therefore continually persuaded to think of Quint as a dangerous to the children. Upon for each one appearance Quint is seen closer to the Governess and hence s uccessively more threatening and horrifying. Additionally each time Quint appears he is closer to the children, leading us to suspect that his apparitions are with some behavior of intention rather than random.As a result of our perception of him as somebody dangerous and also because he is getting closer and closer to the governess, the reader feels the suspense gradually building since we see him as a threat to both the Governess and the children. The first time she sees him he is distanced at the top of a chromatography column although still narrating the scene as stricken with death suggesting dread, horror and fear. The second time there is totally a window separating them and the governess by saying A nearness thatMade me catch my breath and bust cold, makes the point clear that it was the closeness that made it more fearsome. However on the third appearance which is depict as the most formidable, they are adjacent to one another, it is this that made the experience so te rrifying concord to the governess, At such close quarters that gave the whole horror. By making Quint continually more frightful James creates tension because the reader is constantly anticipating more horrifying encounters.

The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Essay Example for Free

The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison EssayTony Morrison became the giving American writer of the fleck half of the 20th century mainly because of her novel The Bluest Eye publish in 1970. The family relations, beaut and ugliness, cruelty and wonder ar in the focus of the novel.The novel is narrated by a young black girl, Claudia MacTeer and the reader realizes through her perception the atmosphere in the family of her friend Pecola Breed fill out. The family relations in the Pecolas family are very contrary.The topic of racial inequality is unrivaled of the central topics. The Pecolas nonplus Pauline hatreds the entire family because she gets comparing the life of the ashen family for whom she works as a maid with hers, honoring some kind of exemplar in the life of the clears. This is the manifestation of the lost identity operator of the Blacks, an identity which has been curb by the cultural development of America.African Americans and their tragedy of the lost cu lture are in the centre of attention of the novel. The novel is built on the passionate desire of Pecola to be loved by her family and her instruct friends.Pecola thinks that the conclude of the hostile attitude towards her is her black skin and she wants to resemble the American paragons like Shirley tabernacle. Shirley Temple is just an ideal pee-peed by the mass culture, an idol which is a part of American dream. The conventional American perception of beauty is connected with the blue eyes and purity skin like those of Shirley Temple.A talented young singer, professional dancer and actor, she no doubt deserves acclaim for her abilities, but as a cultural representation, she symbolizes far more than uncanny, childishness innocence.Tony Morison studies the position of the blacks in America. She names the things which sometimes are non in public but in minds. American society is divided according to the racial principle and nobody can do anything with it. The origin states that America treats its black citizens like race of a lower grade, castamodal values, thither are several levels of the outcast figure working in my writing. The black community is a pariah community. Black people are pariahs. The civilization of black people that lives apart from but in juxtaposition to other civilizations is a pariah relationship. In fact, the concept of the black in this verdant is almost always one of the pariahs. But a community contains pariahs in spite of appearance it that are very useful for the conscience of that community.(The Bluest Eye. Review).American culture has get upd an utopian theatrical role of America, c wholeed an American Dream. It is non bad at all it indicates, at least the standards to be reached and the goals to be gained. This collective image is an image of a rich country populated with the nice victoryful people. There is only one problem in this image. The country is rich and the society is successful, but people personifyin g this success are narrated with the blond hair and white skin. This is just what great American Martin Luther queen said about. The racial inequity is in the very essence of the American society.This racial inequity is indicated not in the hostile relations of the Whites and the Blacks but in a lack of the black standards of beauty. A color of the skin is inclined by God and it can not define the position in the society.Pecola identifies her personal position in the community with the position of the black community in the American society, i.e. as soon as the Blacks are pariahs in the society she feels herself a pariah within the community. What is more, she understands the position of the black community in the American society and naively associates it with her personal position in the black community. Her dream of blue eyes is a nave attempt to break through the concept of the faceless, i.e. it is a protest against her position of a pariah.Tony Morison deliberately uses a dre am of a small girl which would never come true to underline the improbability of such a dream to resemble an American icon Shirley Temple in the same way as black community would never become an equal part of the society.The values of the society obligate on the black children are destructive. Pecola is morally suppressed by the values she accepts. These values are dominant allele and black children are not able to evaluate them critically. Pecola is destroyed by the cultural values she has to adopt.The white culture influences the personalities of the black people especially young ones. The Anglo Saxon standards of beauty follow the children outside the class. photographic film blondes with blue eyes catch their sight from the cinema screens, billboards, newspapers and magazines.There is no place to hide from the bluest eyes. These beauties keep telling the children that if they were white with blue eyes they would achieve success. This destroys the girls identity. She mistakenl y associates her physical demeanor with the wealth and triumph. White mass culture shows white skin, blue eyes and blonde hair in association with wealth, happiness and success and a young girl realizes erroneously that her life is defined by her appearance.Pecolas admiration of Sherley Temple is one of her personal tragic illusions. The success of the movie star Temple poisons the life of Pecola. The mass culture shows the physical beauty in the context of prosperity. This self humiliation develops the abstruse of inferiority of the girl. Long hours she sat looking in the mirror, trying to discover the secret of the ugliness, the ugliness that do her ignored or despised at school, by teachers and classmates alike, She was the only member of her class who sat altogether at a double desk.( Tirell, Lynne)A utopian desire to resemble an American idol became an arrested development for Pecola. Each night, without fail, she prayed for blue eyes. She would see only what there was t o see the eyes of other people.( Morrison, Toni, p.45)Shirley Temple was passing popular in America during the Depression. She helped to strengthen the spirit of the nation. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, speaking in 1935, praised Shirley During this Depression, when the spirit of the people is lower than at any other time, it is a splendid thing that for just 15 cents, an American can go to a movie, look at the smiling face of a baby and inter his troubles( The Bluest Eye, Review).When the nation needs to raise its spirit the value of such idols like Shirley Temple is very high.The Pecolas aspiration to resemble the American idol drives the girl crazy. She looses the connections with the reality. As soon as the world does not understand her desire and does not want to give her a chance to become closer to her idol she decides to lock in herself and find a piece of mind keeping her dreams in herself without letting them out.The hate of people, ideal dream on the movie star p hysical appearance, the hostile atmosphere at school and in the family and the rape by her father and the hate of her mother made the girl crazy. But is nevertheless dreaming of her ideal.Pecola attempts to create her own imaginary reality opposing the real one. After Cholly raped Pecola the second time, even her imaginary friend is not able to bring the piece of mind for Pecola. You didnt need me in the beginning a truth so threatening and painful to Pecola and so close to the psychological reality that it directly adds, I meanyou were so unhappy before. I guess you didnt notice me before ( Morrison, Toni, p.205)Her imaginary friend created by her imagination reassures her that she has the blue eyes. Still the attitude of people towards Pecola does not change. Her eyes do not produce the expected effect and Pecola finds the explanation in insufficient blueness of her eyes. The parallel between Pecola and Oedipus of Sophocles is marked by the author (Morrison, Toni, p.196 ).The au thor introduces Claudia to contrast the Pecolas perception of beauty imposed by the white culture. The white ideal of beauty neglects the self esteem of the black people. The white idols destruct the human dignity of both(prenominal) adults and children. These idols destruct Pecola completely. Claudia in her turn does not accept these idols unconditionally. The attitude towards the white culture defines the survival of Claudia and the expiry of Pecola.It is not the white community that has directly destroyed Pecola, but the black community and her parents. They should have insulated her from the white communitys values and have protected her (Hinda Barlaz).The words of narrator about the destructiveness of the physical beauty and romantic love are given in the context when Pauline, pregnant black American woman was watching memorial of romantic love in the movie theatre. She broke her tooth then as if recapitulating the comparison of romantic love in the movie with her current po sition. The image of Jean Harlow from the screen destroys the Paulines identity as a woman, her belief in American dream and her own beauty. The broken tooth symbolizes her belief in happiness which is destroyed.Toni Morrison and a great American Martin Luther business leader, Pecola and Pauline, Hero of the Doctorows Ragtime and The Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, all of them have the general feature. They are all looking for identity as well as other best representatives of the humanity. Martin Luther King and Pecola, no matter how strange it may seem had the same dream, a dream of equality for all disregarding the color of the skin. Hero of the Doctorows novel and Oedipus Rex were looking for their lost identity. John Lennon joined colossal American King in his dream of a brotherhood of men in his Imagine.Martin Luther King was looking for the identity of the black people of America and paid his life for it. Pecola was looking for her own identity and paid her mentality. John Lennon was looking for a brotherhood of men and paid his life for his search.These principles can not come from the outside they should be in the peoples mind which is an identity. A hero of one Russian classic (Bulgakov, The Heart of the Dog) kept threatening himself, there is a devastation in the country and he got a respond this devastation is in your mind. The same could be said of identity. We create the identity in our minds and then we apply it to the entire society.BibliographyI Have A Dream by Martin Luther King, Jr, Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963. fountain Martin Luther King, Jr The Peaceful Warrior, Pocket Books, NY 1968, in stock(predicate) at http//www.mecca.org/crights/dream.html, retrieved 7.04.2005Tirell, Lynne. Storytelling and Moral Agency. Toni Morrisons Fiction Contemporary Criticism. Ed. David Middleton. novel York Garland, 2000. 3-25.Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York Penguin, 1994.Toni Morrison, The Blue st Eye, Review, available at http//academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/lit_term.htmlpvHedin, Raymond. The Structuring of Emotion in Black American Fiction. Novel 16 (1982) 35-54.Edmund A. Napieralski, Morrisons The Bluest Eye., 1994 Heldref Publications, The Explicator, deign 1994 v53 n1 p59(4), available at http//www.cofc.edu/farrells/Farrell/oedipus.html, retrieved 6.04.2005Hinda A. Barlaz, A Reading Guide to Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye, available at http//students.adelphi.edu/learningcenter/pdfs/tonimorrison.pdf, retrieved 6.04.2005Trudy Mercer. Female childishness Icons in Toni MorrisonsThe Bluest Eye, available at http//www.drizzle.com/tmercer/write/morrison/bluesteye.shtmlChris Booker, The Social Status of the African American Male 1999, available at http//www.pressroom.com/afrimale/status99.htmGibson, Donald B. (1989), Text and Countertext in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye,Taylor, Paul C., Journal of Aesthetics Art Criticism, MALCOLMS go bad AND DANTOS COLORS OR, F OUR LOGICAL PETITIONS CONCERNING RACE, BEAUTY, AND ,, available at http//www.lib.tjfsu.edu.cn/ymwx/essay/The%20Bluest%20Eye1.htmBjork, Patrick B. The novels of Toni Morrison the search for self and place within the community. NY P. Lang,1996.

Race or color Essay Example for Free

Race or color EssayTo live anywhere in the world today and be against equality because of race or color is like living in Alaska and being against snow. This famous observation of William Faulkner sums up the present attitude of the people towards discrimination found on color. It is hard to believe that a few decades earlier, unimaginable atrocities have been meted out against a detail section of the society just because their skin color was considered inferior.The real life story, Warriors dont utter written by Melba Patillo Beals highlights the invincible hurdles faced by a group of ten mysterious students just to acquire a basic breeding on par with the other students. The events narrated in the watchword from chapter 12 to chapter 20 leaves one stoned about the heartless abuse that these children had to undergo. A separate ground forces consisting of 1200 soldiers is employed to ensure the safety of these ten children on the first day of their shoal. Despite this ar rangement, there is strength and a threat to the childrens lives, thanks to the fanatic hatred of the segregationists towards the black people.Braving all odds, Melba and her friends continue their education in the school, but every day they are tormented with abuses and unfair treatments even by the school authorities. These chapters give heart-wrenching details of the physical and mental violence against Melba and her friends. Even though a few ashen girls were sympathetic to Melbas situation, they could not help her because of threats from the segregationists. It is difficult to believe that even the school authorities did not help their cause.They discriminated against her by excluding her from all festivities and events. Even on her birthday, when Melba defended herself from violence, she was suspended for attacking the whites. After reading the alarming and terrifying accounts of Melba, one cannot avoid admiring the grit and perseverance with which she and her friends pursu ed their education. After reading these chapters, I snarl relieved and thankful for the fact that such discrimination is not existent today. The first African-American professorship of The United States, Mr. Obama is a proof of this advancement.

About Type 2 Diabetes Essay Example for Free

About eccentric 2 Diabetes judgeAround 2.6 trillion lot in the UK consent been diagnosed with diabetes. About nine in 10 of these people turn out fiber 2 diabetes. It usually affects people oer the age of 40, only if gage surface at all age. People of African-Caribbean or southwest Asian origin ar more likely to develop oddball 2 diabetes. It usually affects them earliest in life, from about the age of 25. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common, particularly in children. Type 2 diabetes develops when your clay cant produce enough insulin or if your body doesnt serve to insulin as it should. Insulin regulates the level of glucose in your store. Glucose is a simple form of sugar found in foods and sweetened drinks. Its absorbed by your body as a natural part of digestion and is carried near your body in your extraction. When glucose reaches your body tissues, such as muscle cells, its absorbed and converted into energy. Insulin is secreted into your crosscur rent by your pancreas, which is a gland located behind your stomach.If your cells dont respond properly to insulin, it can cause glucose to build up in your tear. This is called insulin resistance. If this happens, your pancreas take ins to produce more and more insulin to overcome the resistance and control your blood glucose levels. Types of diabetes at that place be two main parts of diabetes type 1 and type 2. There atomic number 18 about two million people in the UK who reserve diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the common form, affecting nine out of any 10 people with diabetes. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes Many people with type 2 diabetes render no obvious symptoms. Its often discovered during a routine medical check-up with your GP.If you do choose symptoms of type 2 diabetes, you whitethorn pass more urine than usualSee more My Writing Process Essaybe constantly thirstyhave unexplained weight lossbe extremely timewornhave wooly-minded visionhave itchy skin around your g enitals or bring down regular infections, such as thrushnotice that wounds such as cuts heal slowlyIf you have any of these symptoms, see your GP. nitially, some people find they dont have any symptoms. So if you telephone you may be at risk of type 2 diabetes, speak to your GP about having a screening blood hear.Complications of type 2 diabetes If type 2 diabetes isnt diagnosed or controlled properly, you can develop blood glucose levels that argon either too high (hyperglycaemia) or too low (hypoglycaemia). Hyperglycaemia If type 2 diabetes is poorly controlled or you get an infection, glucose can build up in your blood and climb to high levels. This can cause you tobe thirstypass urine excessivelyhave blurred visionfeel tiredVery r arly, if you cash in ones chips dehydrated and your blood glucose rises to very high levels, you can develop a condition called hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. This can cause you to become drowsy and potentially unconscious. Hyperosmolar hyperg lycaemic state is a medical emergency and packs to be tr buryed in hospital. In the long-term, uncontrolled high blood glucose levels can increase your risk ofkidney failureblindnessnerve damageheart disease injectionHypoglycaemiaSome times, if your medication is too strong or you miss a meal, your blood glucose levels can become too low (hypoglycaemia). This only happens if youre victorious certain medicines such as gliclazide (or others of the same type), repaglinide or insulin (of any type). If your blood glucose is low, you may go pale, feel sweaty and become confused. If you develop hypoglycaemia, its important to eat or drink something containing glucose, for example fruit juice or some sweets.Causes of type 2 diabetesThere are several risk factors that make you more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, including if youare overweight or obese in particular, if youre an apple shape with lots of fat around your abdomen (tummy)have a close family member with the conditionare of African-Caribbean or South-Asian originare over 40 your risk increases with agehave high blood pressure or have had a heart attack or strokedont exercise regularlyhave severe mental health problemsare a woman and have polycystic ovary syndrome and are overweightare a woman and have had diabetes that developed during pregnancy (gestational diabetes) If you have a condition such as impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glycaemia, this means the level of glucose in your blood is naturally higher than normal and youre more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.Diagnosis of type 2 diabetesYour GP volition ask about your symptoms and examine you. He or she may alike ask about your medical history. You may need to have some of the following tests.Urine test. You go out need to give a sample to be tested for glucose. Fasting blood glucose test. You provide have a sample of blood taken from your arm to test for glucose. You will need to fast overnight before having this test. You may have this with a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) test. HbA1C is a protein that is produced when you have high blood glucose levels over a long period of time. Glucose tolerance test. This may be needed if your fasting blood glucose test is borderline. It measures how your blood glucose level changes over time after you have a sugary drink. You will need to fast overnight before having this test.Treatment of type 2 diabetesThere isnt a cure for type 2 diabetes but it can be controlled. Some people can control their condition with life-style changes alone. Others need to take medicines or use insulin injections. Self- religious service By making the following lifestyle changes, you can economic aid control your blood glucose levels. Eat a healthy balanced diet with regular meals, common chord times a day. Include carbohydrates, such as pasta or potatoes in each meal.Aim to do 150 transactions of moderate exercise over a week in bouts of 10 minutes or more. This will assist you to stay a healthy weight and control your blood glucose levels. just drink alcohol in moderation and stick within the recommended limits. If you smoke, give up. Smoking is unhealthy for everyone, but its especially important to stop if you have diabetes because you already have an increased risk of developing circulative problems and cardiovasculardisease.Oral medicinesIf lifestyle changes alone dont nurture your blood glucose levels under control, you may be prescribed medicines. Some examples are listed below. Metformin plays by reducing the amount of glucose that gets released into your blood stream from your liver. It also improves the way glucose is used by your muscles. Gliclazide, glipizide, glimepiride and tolbutamide help your pancreas to produce more insulin. Repaglinide and nateglinide also help your pancreas to produce more insulin, but work more quickly and last for a shorter time. Acarbose lowers your blood glucose by slowing down the rate at which some carboh ydrates are absorbed by your body. Pioglitazone reduces your bodys resistance to insulin.Sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin help your body to produce more insulin at mealtimes. These medicines are usually taken between one and three times a day.InjectionsYou may be prescribed other medicines such as exenatide or liraglutide. These medicines are given by injection and work by helping your body to make more insulin when its needed. They can also reduce your appetite and help you lose weight. If lifestyle changes and medicines cant keep your blood glucose levels under control, you may need to have insulin injections as well as, or instead of, tablets. You will usually inject yourself with insulin once or twice a day, using either a teentsy needle or a pen-type syringe with replaceable cartridges. There are several different types of insulin that work at different rates and for different lengths of time.Ask your GP for advice on which type is best for you. If you have insulin in jections, you will need to monitor your blood glucose levels with a home test kit. This involves taking a pinprick of blood from your finger and putting a drop on a testing strip. A meter will read the result automatically. Your GP or diabetes specialist nurse will show you how to monitor your blood glucose levels and tell you how often you need to check it. Monitoring your blood glucose level You may also need to have your levels of HbA1C tested at least twice a year. The test is done by taking blood from a vein in your arm or sometimes a drop of blood from a fingerprick. Its used to see how well youre controlling your blood sugarlevels.

Teen pregnancies research paper Essay Example for Free

adolescentager pregnancies research paper EssayThe teean Pregnancy rate amongst sexually experienced teenageds in 2006 was 152. 8 pregancies per meter women, aged 15-19. This is a problem be driveway we extradite to level the maternal quality rate amongst teens becoming enceinte. A ample reason why we drive to lower the rate is because this can cause the pregnant teen wellness issues. It can besides ruin there lives. adolescent Pregnancy is a growing problem in America and it needs to be addressed. Over time the rate of this issue has had its ups and downs. First, the rate of pregnancies increase in 2006. In 2006, teen pregnancy occurred to 7 percent of all women aged 15 to 19.Also, the rates have gotten even larger since 2006 and bent getting any better. The teenage birth rate in 2006 was 41. 9 births per gravitational constant women. Also, between 1988 and 2000, teenage birth rates declined in all stae and between 2000 and 2005 they fell in every stae except North Dakota and in 2006 they rose. An opposite factorthat has gone up and down in the past is the mean(a) rate at which a teen can accommodate pregnant. The average rate at which a teen could become pregnant used to be 18 but in the present twenty-four hour period that has changed to that a girl can become pregnant at arount 12 to 13 years hoary.This direction that If a girl can be getting pregnant at arount 13 years old she has a way more in all likelihood chance of becoming pregnant in her later teen years. But too, this shows that we should not be blaming a teen pregnancy on the children having sex, we should also blame it on science because if it could not be possible for a teen to have a baby and become pregnant than it wouldt happen. Although they can be becoming pregnant at that young of an age they should not evn be having sex. A teenage should not be having sex until they are at to the lowest degree 17 or 18. There are many reasons why teens become pregnant.Fist, they m ight become pregnant unintendedly. An unplanned pregnancy can cause the teen many health issues. An unplanned pregnancy immediately causes the teen physical, randy, psychological, and realistic consequences. Pregnacy also can cause health risks do to behaviors. Shokingly, 85 percent of all teen pregnancies are unplanned Second, A teen Pregnancie can be planned. Some of teens who become pregnant are in fact, married. Although a pregnancie can be planned a pregnancie can also be unwanted by the parents of the children. If a pregnancie is unwanted by either or both of the parents, then that can also cause emotional issues.Although, most of planned pregnancies are wanted. There are many things that we can do to stay the teen pregnancie. First, the parents can dish out prevent there child from becoming pregnant. If a teen has parents who weightlift abstinence are 12 percent more likely to stay a virgin than a person who doesnt. Despite t. v. , peer pressure, despite hormones, the si ngle biggest influence on whether a teen impart have sex is there parents. To make children postpone sex go forth help not to tattle about birth control. Also, letting your children know openly that you expect them not to have sex leave behind help them chose to postpone it.And third, teaching teens abstinence will help prevent teen pregnancies. Finally, each of these methods for parents will double the likelyness that your child decides to stay a virgin. And a final good way to prevent the pregnancies is for parents to have good relationaships with there kids. There are also many, many consequences to becoming pregnant as a teen. The first consequence to becoming pregnant as a teen is STD infections. In 1996. 1. 5 cardinal people including 350,000 children and youth died of aids. Also abstinence programs will not prevent the new hiv infections. another(prenominal) than STDs there are also many other consequences to becoming pregnant as a teen. First, other than STDs teen pregn ancy will cause education issues. For example, Teen mothers are way less likely to finish high rail than a teenager who doesnt become pregnant until she is a grown up. This also means that since the teen is less likely to finish high school then they are also way less likely to regraduate and go to collage. Another thing that will cause the girls to quit school and not go to collage is that 60 percent of all teen mothers are living in poverty at the time of birth.This will show that they will probably not have passable money to raise the baby let alone pay to go to collage. Since 4 out of 20 girls become pregnant before the age of 20 then so many girls are acquittance to be out of school and in even in debt because of 1 little mistake of having open sex before they were ready. This is another huge reason why we need to work to help keep back this issueand if we dont this will keep happening to hundreds of thousands of girls each year. This will ruin lives period. Also, Pregnanc ie can cause immediate physical, psychological, and emotional consequences for the pregnant teen and or the man.Another concequence that can take place as one give tongue to on Our health, Our future web page is women who become pregnant during there teens are at an increased risk for complications, such as premature birth. (anonymouse, Our Health Our rising teen pregnancie page). This is an important statement because it sais that becoming pregnant as a teen can not only be harmful for the pregnant teen but for the baby as well. Another problem facing teens that is a problem is the abortion rate. As the rate of pregnancies increases the rate of abortion increases as well.Also as an anonymouse person said minify teen pregnancy and birth is one of the most efffecitive ways of reducing child poverty(Anonymouse, Our Health, Our Future teen pregnancy page). This shows that teen pregnancy is a major cause of child poverty and if we shrivel up the pregnany rate we will reduce the chi ld poverty rate. Another important quote about the teen pregnancy in the States is it is hard to raise a child when you are still a child. (anonymouse, Our Health Our Future teen pregnancy web page). This shows that the teen pregnancies that are occuring are not likely to raise a babysuccesfully.Also, this is another reason why we should be working to end teen pregnancy. And final stage but not least another huge consequence of having so many teeanage pregnancies in america is that it will cost the teen and the teens parents so much money. The teenage pregnancies in the U. S costs the nationat least 7 billion dollars anualy. If we lowered the teen pregnancie rate in america we could lower the american debt which would help economicaly as well as health wise and emotionaly which is another big reason we should be nerve-wracking to settlement this problem.Thus, teen pregnancy is a problem for society because it will have so many consequences and so many other problems. If we teach all of our kids abstinence, created by that there is hope for us to lower the pregnancy rate amongst teens. Individuals need to practice abstinence to prevent the problem because if the teens arent having sex they arent becoming pregnant. Teen pregnancy is increacing at a fast rate and we need to do all we can to stop it, or even just lower the abnormaly high rate.

Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Human preference Management EssayYou are required to answer Section A Question 1 and 3 Question selected form part BSection A1. Pucik (2007) identified three strategic approaches to planetary HRM, Identify and critique each of these approaches in relation to the India Calling case study discussed in class. beget in examples from other organisation.Section B2. The models associated with best practice school of HRM assume a universalist approach which suggests a specific set of practices will lead to superior organisational performance. Critically evaluate the relevancy of this approach in modern organisations with reference to relevant theory. 3. Line managers play a critical federal agency in implementing HRM policies and procedures, Critically evaluate the challenges faced by the HR team in communicating policies and policies and practices to bird-scarer line managers use the example to consider how front line managers can engage their direct reports in the HRM policies and procedures of their organization.4. With reference to three different approaches to performance management evaluate how a Strategic HR scheme can effectively influence performance in teams and individuals.5. Given the recent decline in avocation union membership are they still as important in the workplace and society nowadays?6. Modern organization face huge challenges to book companionship given the increase in stab flow. Critically evaluate how (1) technology and (2) social capital can assist an organisation to retain knowledge.7. As the world changes around us companies are placing increased emphasis oncorporate social right (CSR). Using examples form business. Critically evaluate how a CSR strategy can attract and retain pot in an organization.Many tights competing orbiculately are being pointed in contradictory strategic directions, in assure to survive and prosper in the new global competition,companies must embrace closer regional and global integration to cut co st and improve efficiency, while at the same time, meet demands for local anaesthetic responsiveness to increase local acceptance, flexibility and speed, on the basis of his research ,Pucik(2007) identified three strategic approaches to this issue. 1. A mega-national strategy, which means that the whole company operates in a centralized fashion. Worldwide facilities are centralized in the parent company, products are standardized, and overseas operations are used as delivery pipelines to serve supranational markets. There is tight central control of strategic decisions, resources and information.As a result, the competitive strength of the mega-national firm is its global integration resulting in cost efficiencies. However, the firms ability to respond to variations in local conditions is limited and the international operation can become bureaucratic and inflexible. 2. A multi-domestic strategy, which emphasizes local differences by alter operations to their subsidiaries and l ocal business units in order to the close to customers, to create a heightened sense of local accountability and to encounrage more local innovation and entrepreneurship. But this can lead to an inability to compete on global term with fully integrated competitors, slowness in responding to change and failure to benefit from pooled resources, including knowledge and management expertise.Decentralized companies meeting these problems tend to veer towards centralization until bureaucracy, lack of responsiveness and the inability to retain good people topically leads the pendulum to swing again towards centralization. 3. Dual centralized /decentralized strategy, which aims to benefit from both approaches, firms adopting a dual strategy recognize that decentralization (local autonomy) and centralization (global integration) are not contradictory, but from a duality..They attempt to maximize the benefits from both approaches in order to achieve high integration while be locally responsi ve. This can mean following theold adage of think globally and act locally and can get the best out of both words. But it is a hard strategy to implement. It requires managers with what Pucik calls a global mindset, who can behave and act in a way that recognizes the global nature of the firm and who can focus both on worldwide strategies and the need to encourage the development of local initiatives and allow a reasonable degree of local autonomy within a global raise work.

Learning Organization Essay Example for Free

Learning Organization Es introduceThe evolution of Organizational Learning has started in 1938 when John Dewey, in his rule book Experience and Education, publicized the nonion of experiential reading as an ongoing cycle of activity. But, how did this sen erant emerge? Or, what does it re bothy mean for the businesses? In swan to understand this, we accept to analyze the problems and needs. The core base behind teaching cheek is that organizations of each(prenominal) kinds allow for not survive, let al adept thrive, if they do not acquire an mogul to adapt continuously to an increasingly unpredictable future. Or in other words, in rig to survive and succeed for businesses, it is immanent to establish or build stronger relationships with customers, where there atomic number 18 quick changing, turbulent and/or highly competitive market. Through skill, organizations may be wear forth equipped to come over the challenges caused by continuous environ psychogenic t urbulence. In addition, where products and processes offer rapidly be copied, according to Arie de Geus, head of strategical planning department of Royal/Dutch Shell, the scarce real source of competitive advantage is to rule d receive instruction by employees.This may allow these separates to identify new modal values of working to a greater extent(prenominal) well with customers, which in spin permits the organization to differentiate itself from competition. However, the style of teaching has to reflect the operational needs of the organization. For instance, a manufacturer which has suck uped a transactional marketing style would probably choose to operate in a relatively stable market, produce standard comp unitarynts and headion primarily on offering adequate fictitious character goods at a competitive price.In such circumstances, assuming that the organisational systems atomic number 18 based close to repetition of r bug outine procedures, the firm would probab ly be well advised to focus upon cralimentation a single-loop training environment as the closely appropriate way fur sustaining employee wordment aimed at organizational efficiency. 2 On the other hand, in market smears where firms feel periods of fundamental, discontinuous change and/or there is a desire to differentiatethe firm from competition through the adoption of a relationship marketing style, then possibly an incremental, to a greater extent adaptive learning style, which is called double-loop learning may be more appropriate, so to remove the exploitation of new knowledge to evolve new practices, perspectives and operational frameworks.Figure 1 Single- vs. double-loop learning. II. DEFINITION OF erudition ORGANIZATIONS Keeping in mind what we have so remote discussed, now let us keep back slightly definitions of the Learning Organizations.Peter M. Senge, who is alike named as the father of this concept, describes learning organizations as organizations wher e citizenry dope continuously expand their capacity to nominate replys which they sincerely desire. In such organizations, new and expansive patterns of cerebration argon nurtured, and collective aspiration is typeset free. Individuals learn to learn together. He decl ars Deep d protest, we are all learners. It is not only our nature to learn, scarce we love to learn. Chris Argyris and Donald Schon defined the concept of learning organizations through the serve uper of the definition of organizational learning where the process of detection and correction of errors rules. 3 Moreover, how de Geus defined learning organizations is truly remarkable Forget your tired old thinkers approximately leadership. The approximately successful corporation of the 1990s give be something called a learning organization? The ability to learn faster than your competitors, may be the only sustainable competitive advantage. One last definition dexterity be the one of Kim, D., a learning organization is one that informedly manages its learning process through an inquiry-driven orientation among all its members. III. FIVE DISCIPLINES OF SENGE I have already mentioned that Senge was called as the father of the concept of Learning Organizations. When he premier(prenominal) published his book The Fifth crystalise The Art Practice of The Learning Organization in 1990, he caught a signifi privyt attention from academics and the business adult male. Peter M. Senge (1947- ) was named a ? Strategist of the Century by the Journal of Business Strategy, one of 24 men and women who have ?had the grea call fork impact on the way we conduct business today. Moreover, Senge has founded the centralize for Organizational Learning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1991 while he is in like manner the founding chairperson of the Society for Organizational Learning (SoL) and a senior lecturer at MIT. beingness maybe the nigh important, namely the person having the most influence in Learning Organizations I go away study his so called five disciplines in my project.4 3. 1 PERSONAL MASTERY 3. 1. 1 accounting entry to Personal commandSenge says, Organizations learn only through individuals who learn. Individual learning does not guarantee organizational learning. But without it no organizational learning occurs. The raft are the main active force in every aspect of the business. Since, people have their own will and mind, and their own way of cerebration it is essential that they be sufficiently motivated to challenge the goals of growth and complexity. In todays practices, the manager should not be spontaneous to dominate controlling, planning and organizing the workers activities.Instead they should be enabling the people in the business have their own enriching lives through establishing and maintaining the conditions needed. One should be living his own spirit from a fictive viewpoint, so as to turn the life into a creative work . Personal Mastery is the phrase Senge and his colleagues use for the discipline of person-to-person growth and learning. quite a little with high levels of face-to-face dictation are continually expanding their ability to create the resolvents in life they truly taste. From their quest for continual learning comes the spirit of the learning organization. 3. 1. 1. 1 Mastery and Proficiency. on that point are both main fundamental movements when private mastery becomes a discipline, one of which is forever continually making clear what is important for oneself, whereas the other movement is to continually learn how to see the current honesty more clearly. It is bouncy to know where you are now in moving toward a desired destination. quite a little with a high level of personal mastery treat several basic characteristics, one of which is that they have a special sense of part that lies behind their messs and goals. 5 For such a person, a deal is an aspiration earlier than simply a good idea.One other characteristic is that they live in a continual learning mode, where they neer arrive. They know that personal mastery is not something one possesses, scarce is a process, a lifelong discipline. Those with a high level of personal mastery are astutely apprised of their ignorance, their incompetence and they know, or better to say truly believe that the journey itself is the reward. 3. 1. 1. 2 why We Want It We want it because people with high levels of personal mastery are more committed, murder more initiative, have a broader and deeper sense of responsibility in their work, and learn faster.Kazou Inamori, founder and chairman emeritus of Kyocera raft and president of the Inamori Foundation, who urinates a bachelor of sciences in applied chemistry, says that Our employees agreed to live in a club in which they would not exploit each other, but rather help each other so that we may each live our life fully. 3. 1. 1. 3 Resistance One of th e issues against the personal mastery is the bulwark, which in turn is a valid fear for companies in which the managers couldnt build a overlap imaging on with shared out mental models.It is useless to have personal mastery as solely without other disciplines of the organizational learning. Thats why we alship canal have to keep in mind that personal mastery must go together with a shared hallucination and the other disciplines. 6 3. 1. 2 The Discipline of Personal Mastery 3. 1. 2. 1 Personal Vision Most adults have goals and objectives, but these are not imagings. Thus, we can say that most have little sense of real batch. When asked what they want, m whatever adults will say what they want to get rid of, as if they delineate themselves as given-ups, rather than grown-ups.Senge points that The ability to focus on ultimate inseparable desires, not only on secondary goals, is a cornerstone of personal mastery. Vision is different from purpose, since purpose is similar to a direction, a general heading, whereas lot is a specific destination, a picture of a desired future. Vision is the image of your desired future. It shouldnt be confused with competition it shouldnt be isolated from the idea of ones purpose. It is something which has personal aspects along with material aspects, such as where we want to live and how much of savings we want, or issues like health or freedom contribute, relatively.3. 1. 2. 2 Holding Creative Tension One good word of Senge says that there is something called the creative latent hostility which is the source of energy derived from the ranch surrounded by ones peck and where it stands in reality. This gap can advertize someone forward to get closer to the vision however it might also discourage some other people, so as to leading to feelings and emotions associated with anxiety. Imagine a rubber band, str etceteraed surrounded by your vision and the current reality. When stretched, the rubber band creates tension, representing the tension amidst vision and current reality. What does tension seek?Resolution or release. There 7 are two possible ways for the tension to make up itself pull reality toward the vision or pull the vision toward reality. Which occurs will depend on whether we hold steady to the vision. Figure 3 Creative Tension Negative emotions caused by anxiety of the creative tension, shouldnt be realized as the creative tension itself. What Senge argues, is that after some time what we call randy tension will arise due to the negative emotions. In such cases, we feel deeply discouraged rough a vision that is not happening and tend to lower the vision as an immediate so called remedy.It is clear that escaping emotional tension is easy but what we really pay against is giving up something what we profoundly want, our vision. In the context of organizations we can say that goals are slowly lowered because of low tolerance for emotional tension. What we have to do is to understan d thoroughly what the creative tension is and allow it to operate without lowering our vision only then the vision becomes an active force in personal mastery. The gap in surrounded by should be used to generate energy for change. 8 Mastery of creative tension transforms the way we calculate tumbleure.It is simply an opportunity for learning. 3. 1. 2. 3 Structural Conflict The Power of your Powerlessness A research make by Robert Fritz has basen that practically all of us have a dominant belief that we are not able to fulfill our desires. This in turn, is an obstacle one should get rid off. These beliefs, which are mandatory as a child to survive, were taught us so that we learnt our limitations. Most of us hold one of two ir pertinent beliefs that intrinsically limit our ability to create what so called we really want.The more common belief is in our functionlessness, namely our inability to bring into being all the things we really care about, whereas the other belief focus es on unworthiness, that we do not deserve to have what we truly desire. Fritz uses a metaphor to describe how contradictory underlying beliefs work as a system, which he calls the morphological conflict, the metaphor counter to achieving our goals, through symbolizing the concept by another rubber band example. Figure 4 Effect of structural conflict to the creative tension.Later on, he identifies three generic so called strategies to cope with the forces of structural conflict, each of which has its own limitations. Accordingly, one is letting 9 our vision to erode. This strategy will lead to the sacrifice of what we truly want as discussed earlier. The second strategy is to conflict manipulation which is actually the strategy of people who mostly worry about failure. What they do is to focus on avoiding what they do not want to happen. This strategy makes one to spend his/her life in worry and fear.For those following this strategy, which is also called the negative vision, there is little joy in their life, pull down when they achieve their goals because this time they nowadays tend to begin worrying about losing what they have gained. The last and most favorable strategy is defined as the willpower, where we simply psyche ourselves up to overpower all forms of resistance to achieving our goals. Simply saying, motivating through heightened will. In the next section, we will discuss Senges strategy for dealing with structural conflict telling the truth. 3. 1. 2.4 Commitment to the Truth stack often want a proficiency that they can apply to solve the problem of structural conflict. But, in fact, being committed to the truth is far more sinewy than any technique. So, what does it actually mean? It office a relentless willingness to root out the ways we limit or deceive ourselves from seeing what is, and to continually challenge our theories of why things are the way they are. The first critical task in dealing with structural conflicts is to recognize th em, and the resulting behavior, when they are operating.This helps us to develop so called internal 10warning signals, such as when we find ourselves blaming something or someone for our problems. What Senge suggests in this context is that we have to work on developing skills to discuss such situations with the people involved without producing defensiveness. We shouldnt always act in a manner where we always think of what others have done in the situation, rather we have to concentrate on what we can do. This in other words, relates to the fact that we have to understand, or better to say, realize the situation, the current reality in which we are, so to use this as a generative force.This has plain been concluded in religions like Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Jewish, Buddhism. One example might be the asseveration of The truth shall set you free. 3. 1. 2. 5 Using the Subconscious One of the most fascinating aspects of people with high levels of personal mastery is their abil ity to accomplish extraordinarily complex tasks with grace and ease. But, how does this come to happen? It is through the subconscious that all of us deal with complexity. What distinguishes people with high levels of personal mastery is they have developed a high level of understanding between their normal awareness and their subconscious.Even the daily activities of us like walking, talking, eating or catting on your shoes are enormously complex tasks, for which we have learned the necessitate skills of the tasks, which in turn led that the whole activity gradually shifts from conscious attention to subconscious control. People with high levels of personal mastery focus on the desired result itself, not the process or the means they assume necessary to achieve that result. This allows the person in focusing on the artistry of the result as well. 11In other words, we can say that we must work at learning how to differentiate what we truly want, from what we think we need to do i n order to achieve it. In order to develop a subconscious understanding it is also important to commit to the truth, because when not telling the truth, most people create some level of internal stress. The principle of creative tension recognizes that the subconscious operates most effectively when it is focused clearly on our vision and our current reality. One effective way to focus the subconscious is through imagery and visualization.For instance, valet de chambre-class swimmers have found that by imagining their hands to be doubly their actual size and their feet to be webbed, they actually swim faster. Mental practicing of complex tasks has become a part psychological training for professional performers from different areas of interest. A strict reliance on only conscious learning could never have achieved this level of artistry, even if there was all the willpower in the world present. Contradictorily, it had to depend on a high level of subconscious understanding.3. 2 M ENTAL MODELS 3. 2. 1 entering to Mental ModelsMental models can be described as the views and assumptions we hold in our minds about how things are and how things work. A mental model is like ones way of looking at whats happening in the world. In other words, it determines how we think and act. Mental models depend on the past experiences, and the perception as a result of those experiences, and observations. In the introduction I had introduced the experiential learning, which was the style of learning through past experience and some other elements 12 like concrete experience, observation and reflection, and forming abstract concepts.Accordingly, a child without knowing that it might fade his hand might take a knife in his hand and try to push it in his hand. This in fact, will hurt him a lot. However, grown ups already know how to deal with a knife, so they wont do the very(prenominal) mistake as the child does. All the experiences learnt are added up so to form or build up t he mental models. 3. 2. 1. 1 Why the Best Ideas cheat? From the business point of view, one thing which is known by all managers is that many of the best ideas never get put into practice. Even brilliant strategies fail to get translated into action.New insights fail to get put into practice because they conflict with deeply held internal images of how the world works, images that limit us to familiar ways of thought process and acting. That is why the discipline of managing mental models ? surfacing, testing, and improving our internal pictures of how the world works- promises to be a major uncovering for building learning organizations. Our mental models determine not only how we make sense of the world, but how we take action, namely they shape how we act which puts them into an active sense. But, why are mental models so powerful in affecting what we do?In part, because they affect what we see. As psychologists say, human beings observe selectively. Mental models also hold up in the organizations, and also in management. Mental models could cause big losses in the business world as it can also prevent us from seeing the current situation. Loosing Americas car market share to German and Japanese countries was a result of the mental models of the management, where they are prevented to see the situation because of their models in mind, and perceptions. 13 The problems with mental models lie not in whether they are right or wrong-by definition, all models are simplifications.The problems with mental models arise when the models are tacit-when they exist below the level of awareness. 3. 2. 1. 2. Overcoming The Basic Diseases of the Hierarchy In the traditional bossy organization, the dogma was managing, organizing, and controlling, whereas in the learning organization, the new dogma will be vision, values, and mental models. In addition, in traditional organizations, merit means doing what the boss wants, openness means telling the boss what he wants to he ar, and localness means doing the dirty stuff that the boss doesnt want to do.However, in learning organizations these concepts will get new understandings. 3. 2. 2. The Discipline of Mental Models Developing an organizations capacity to work with mental models involves both learning new skills and implementing institutional innovations that help bring these skills into regular practice. 3. 2. 2. 1 Managing Mental Models Throughout An Organization A concept of scenarios should be fitting in pursuit of mental models, so to force managers to consider how they would manage under different preference paths into the future.This offsets the tendency for managers to implicitly assume a single future. When groups of managers share a range of alternative futures in their mental models, they become more responsive to those changes. 14 Mental modeling should be implemented as a philosophy. It is important to note that the goal in mental modeling is not agreement or congruency. Many mental mo dels can exist at once. What is important is that we have to consider all of them and test against situations that we confront. Only after the process works it leads to congruency. 3. 2. 2.2 Managing Mental Models At Personal and Interpersonal Levels The learning skills of action science practitioners such as Chris Argyris fall into two broad classes skills of reflection and skills of inquiry. Where skills of reflection link slowing down our own thinking process so that we can become more aware of how we form our mental models and the ways they influence our actions, inquiry skills concern how we operate in face-to-face interactions with others, oddly in dealing with complex and conflictual issues. Reflection skills start with recognizing leaps of abstraction, which mean that our minds move at lightning speeds.Ironically, this often slows our learning, because we immediately leap to generalizations so quickly that we never think to test them. Namely, leaps of abstraction occur whe n we move from direct observations to generalization without testing. Here it is important to distinguish direct observation from generalizations inferred from the observation itself. To distinguish it, explicitly disassociate it from the data which led to it. A second technique from action science is the left-hand column, which in turn is a powerful tool for beginning to see how our mental models operate in particular situations.It reveals ways that we manipulate situations to avoid dealing with how we actually think and feel, and thereby prevent a counterproductive situation from improving. The most important lesson that comes from seeing our left-hand columns is how we undermine opportunities for learning in conflictual situations. Here, a process called equilibrate inquiry and advocacy comes into action. 15 Managers are mostly trained to be advocates. In many companies, being a competent manager means, being able to solve problems, figuring out what needs to be done, and enlis ting whatever support is needed to get it done.In such organizations, employees are rewarded according to their ability to debate forcefully, and influence others, where the inquiry skills are unrecognized. Those rewards unfortunately can bring the employees to managerial positions, where they suddenly face the fact that they do not learn while they should learn. Advocacy without inquiry between two people can end up in vicious circle. The more vehemently one argues, the more it creates a threat to the others position, so that the latter argues vehemently, which causes a threat to the first ones position, therefore, the first one argues even more vehemently.This reinforcing advocacy can be stopped by inquiring. Then it gives a chance for the both split to understand each others conflicts, and reasoning. When in pure advocacy, people do not want to show the wobbly parts of their reasoning, and discard them. Definitely it does not bring any learning to us. Instead it brings polariza tion indoors the group. When operating in pure advocacy, the goal is to win the argument however, when inquiry and advocacy are feature the goal is no longer to win the argument but to find the best argument out of all.This combination allows us to discover completely new views. What we have to keep in mind is that practicing inquiry and advocacy means being willing to expose the limitations in your own thinking, namely the willingness to be wrong. 16 3. 3 SHARED VISION 3. 3. 1 Introduction to Shared Vision 3. 3. 1. 1 A commonalty Caring A shared vision is not an idea, it is rather a force in peoples hearts, a force of impressive power. It may be inspired by an idea, but once it goes further ? if it is have enough to acquire support of more than one person? then it is no longer an abstraction. It is tangible.People begin to see it as if it exists. Few forces in human affairs are as powerful as shared visions. At its simplest level, a shared vision is the answer to the question, What do we want to create? Just as personal visions are pictures or images people carry in their heads and hearts, so too are shared visions pictures that people throughout an organization carry. When people truly share a vision they are connected, bound together by a common aspiration. Shared vision is one of the vital fundamentals of learning organizations, because it provides energy and also focus for learning.People should have something that really matters to them, something that makes them excited. A shared vision is not one dictated by that top management it only exists when people are personally committed, since it is their personal vision. 3. 3. 1. 2 Why Shared Visions Matter? In an organization, a shared vision changes peoples relationship with the company. What they so far called as their company, becomes our company. It helps to create a common identity. Only this way, a learning organization can really succeed. You cannot have a learning organization without shared vi sion.17 How can a commitment to the long term be fostered is the key question in efforts to develop systems thinking in management. People do not focus on the long term because they have to, but only because they want to. 3. 3. 2 The Discipline of Building Shared Vision Shared visions emerge from personal visions. This is how they derive their energy and how they foster commitment. The management should encourage individuals so as to let them create their own visions, as was told earlier in this project. However, these visions are not the shared vision itself.This is needed so that it will be easier for the individuals to accept visions of others and work in the same manner. In this way, the synergy which will be conventional is needed for the organization indeed. The shared vision shouldnt be written and taught to employees because this will establish a fear. Instead, everyone should adopt this vision and commit itself to the whole vision of the organization. 3. 3. 2. 1 From Person al Visions to Shared Visions To make it clearer, lets imagine a picture of a landscape. When you cut this picture into smaller parts, you will not be able to see the whole sight.However, if you have a picture of an ocean in which all the organisms, like fish, plants, etc. live, and you cut it into pieces, you will still be able to see the whole sight because the vision of the ocean is the same in that part. Its like the shared vision. When you take the shared vision person by person into devotion youll see that they match each other and reflect the whole image. 18 So, it is the fact that when more people come to share a common vision, the vision may not change fundamentally. But it becomes more lively, more real in the sense of a mental reality that people can truly imagine achieving.Writing a vision statement, which is often a one-shot vision, can be a first step in building shared vision but, alone, it rarely makes a vision come alive within an organization. Another problem with the so called one-shot vision that was prepared by the top management is that the resulting vision does not build on peoples personal visions. Contrarily, it only reflects the personal vision of one or two people at the top. The last problem might be explained in the manner as the vision is not a solution to a problem. Building a shared vision must be seen as a central element of the daily work of leaders.It is ongoing and never-ending. It is not truly a shared vision until it connects with the personal visions of people throughout the organization. Moreover, visions that are truly shared take time to emerge. They grow as a by-product of interactions of individual visions. Experience suggests that visions that are sure-enough(prenominal)ly shared pick up ongoing conversation where individuals not only feel free to express their dreams, but also learn how to listen to each others dreams. 3. 3. 2. 2 Spreading Visions Enrollment, Commitment, and Compliance There is a big difference between compliance and commitment.The committed person brings energy, passion and excitement, which in turn brings the synergy he does not black market by the rules of the game, instead feels responsible for the game, and will not hesitate to change the rules of the game if they stand in the way of achieving vision. On the other hand compliant followers only accept the vision, but do not have a personal desire. They may want it in order to keep their job, or to get a promotion etc. , but they know that its not their vision at all. For an organization to survive, it must ensure that a shared vision with the commitment of the individuals is established.19 However, there are the types of genuine compliant followers, which may often be mistaken for enrollment or commitment. What then is the difference between being genuinely compliant and enrolled and committed? The answer is deceptively simple. People who are enrolled or committed truly want the vision, where genuinely compliant peopl e accept the vision. They may want it in order to keep their job, or to get a promotion etc. , but they know that its not their vision at all. 3. 4 TEAM LEARNING 3. 4. 1 Introduction to Team Learning 3. 4. 1. 1 The potential drop Wisdom TeamsIn order to understand group learning, it is important to understand what police squads are. The word aggroup can be traced back to the Indo-European word deuk (to pull) it has always included a meaning of pulling together. (The recent sense of team, a group of people acting together, emerged in the sixteenth century) We define teams as any group of people who need each other to accomplish a result. This definition is derived from a statement made by former Royal Dutch/Shell Group Planning coordinator, Arie de Geus The only relevant learning in a company is the learning done by those people who have the power to take action.Team learning is a process of aligning and developing the capacity of a team to create the results its members truly d esire. It builds on the discipline of developing shared vision. It also builds on developing personal mastery, for talented teams are made up of talented individuals. But shared vision and talent are not enough. The world is full of teams of talented individuals who share a vision for a while, yet fail to learn. 20 Here we can discuss the terms unaligned and aligned teams. The fundamental characteristic of the relatively unaligned team is cadaveric energy.Individuals may work extraordinarily hard, but their efforts do not efficiently translate to team effort. By contrast, when a team becomes more aligned, a commonality of direction emerges, and individuals energies harmonize. There is less wasted energy. In fact, a resonance or synergy develops, like the coherent light of a laser rather than the incoherent and scattered light of a light bulb. There is commonality of purpose, a shared vision, and understanding of how to complement one anothers efforts.Individuals do not sacrifice th eir personal interests to the larger team vision rather, the shared vision becomes an extension of their personal visions. In fact, alignment is the necessary condition before empowering the individual will empower the whole team. Team learning is possible in every area, sports, business, performing arts, science, etc. It can even have extra ordinary results where the teams can be coordinated and even erudition of the team can exceed the intelligence of its members totaling. In such an environment, team members can also show a rapid growth, than they could gain individually, namely constructing the synergy.With the changes in the organizations, team learning has never been that important. No matter if its a product development team, management team or cross-functional task forces. As they are teams, they are the people who need one another to act. The three critical dimensions of Team Learning can be described as 1. Insightful thinking is necessary for complex issues. Teams must le arn to end up with one more intelligent solution when compared to each of the participants solutions. 2. Innovative and coordinated action is vital.