Company Capabilities and Value Chain of IKEA Case Study

Organization Capabilities and Value Chain of IKEA - Case Study Example A USP is characterized as a bleeding edge or a separation that isolates one item or administration from its opposition. This, in any case, doesn't infer that different items don't sell in the market. In a market, there are a few items, each with a separation, each with a front line †each having a different USP related, and the admirers of the specific advantage are held by that item/administration or brand. For instance, in numerous locales, COKE is more grounded in taste contrasted with PEPSI, and along these lines, people having taste for more grounded drinks lean toward COKE, while others go for PEPSI. The basic point in this conversation is that the two items sell, and sell well. Along these lines, the ability of a firm to build up a USP has turned on its deal volumes. Hence, going in reverse in the worth chain, when a provider sees the maker progressing admirably, the gracefully chain fortifies itself as far as its tasks and procedures. Other than the activities in the wort h chain, the tasks inside the assembling unit have additionally outlined a positive effect. A few creators partner this vibe like a current streaming in a wire; it gets like the abilities streaming back to where it is provided. The thoughts, values are engraved in the underlying foundations of the association and from that point, it courses to all pieces of an association and the business itself enjoys boosting its one of a kind edge for its client esteems. Following is the conversation of the IKEA case that delineates a great case of the equivalent. On a very basic level, IKEA is about the furniture of different sorts and types and sorts.

Essay Writing Services - How to Choose a Legit Service For Essays

Essay Writing Services - How to Choose a Legit Service For EssaysIf you are looking for a way to get your essay written without paying a fortune, then you may want to look into some of the legit essay writing services out there. The truth is that you can get a lot of good essays written for you at a fair price if you know where to look. You will not be spending a lot of money on things that you don't need, but you should have a fair idea of what you want the essay to accomplish.The purpose of a college or an academic paper is to present information in a clear and concise manner that can help your readers understand and learn something from it. While this may sound simple, it is not. In order to write an essay that will be useful to the reader, you have to provide them with the information they need in order to answer the question that you have posed.You will want to prepare an article before you start writing your paper so that you have a better idea of how you want it to go. This ar ticle will contain all of the information you will need in order to give your reader a reason to read the paper and a reason to remember it. Here are some tips to help you in this process.The first and most important tip to remember is to start writing your essay right away. Most people wait until they get a few words down that they have no idea what to do with, so they simply put the paper aside. This causes them to miss deadlines and waste time when it comes to submitting their paper.You should take the time to determine how long your essay needs to be in order to get it done. It can take a lot of time to find the right topic for your essay, so make sure that you spend a few minutes writing a paragraph or two about the topic and then move on to the next paragraph. Once you are through with this process, you should begin the actual writing of your essay. The second tip to use in order to get a great essay that will work for you is to do some research about the topic that you have c hosen to write about. When you begin your research, be sure to read as many books as you can about the topic so that you can learn as much as you can about it. By doing this, you will be able to write a well-researched article that will be more efficient than any other essay you have ever written.When it comes to the specifics of your essay, you should make sure that you stick to the facts. No matter how good you think your article is, if it does not come across as fact-based, your audience will not be able to understand it. In order to make your readers comfortable in reading your essay, you should never lose your facts or twist them in such a way that makes it seem like you were just making up the information.It is important to remember that a good essay can be written by anyone if you know how to write it well. However, there are a lot of people out there who want to charge you too much money for their services. Instead of wasting your time and money by signing up for some of the bad companies out there, you should check out the good ones that can provide you with top quality essays.

As instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

As guidance - Essay Example In addition, we will inspect how past information influences how we see what we see through models showed by creators. It may happen to numerous individuals that the words seeing and looking can be viewed as equivalents. Distinguishing the distinction between these two terms will assist one with getting discernment and reality. These two words can show up as compatible terms that can be utilized to characterize a person’s capacity to see with the eye. On account of workmanship, the words seeing and looking are changed. At the point when individuals are taking a gander at something at that point, it tends to be seen as seeing not many subtleties or looking at it. At the end of the day, to see something is looking at the external part (surface) as far as structure and design. As indicated by Berger, seeing crafted by workmanship isn't just a way to get it yet additionally watch it to go a long way from the surface. â€Å"When we see a scene, we arrange ourselves in it. On the off chance that we saw it the workmanship previously, we arrange ourselves in history.† (p. 11). Berger recommends that seeing an item puts one in that situation to relate. The title of the book Ways of Seeing means that the writer has successfully the craft of seeing, not just the discernment on specific subjects which is found in the realm of craftsmanship, yet in addition goes to a gigantic degree to characterize the significance of seeing and change of seeing consistently. The creator additionally conveys another model where seeing can happen before words. It is seeing that assists with understanding the spot of a person on the planet. Individuals clarify the world with the assistance of words. Additionally, words in no way, shape or form can deny the way that individuals are enclosed by words. Seeing precedes we talk. To talk, we have to comprehend what we are seeing. Seeing an article is brought through our experience and information. Berger talks about the impression of seeing workmanship, which is unique in relation to it was the past. Generally, works of art are seen as static and fixed. They are just at once

Wars of Alexander the Great Siege of Tyre

Siege of Tyre - Conflict Dates: The Siege of Tyre took place from January to July 332 BC during the Wars of Alexander the Great (335-323 BC). Commanders Macedonians Alexander the Great   Tyre Azemilcus Siege of Tyre - Background: Having defeated the Persians at Granicus (334 BC) and Issus (333 BC), Alexander the Great swept south along the Mediterranean coast with the ultimate goal of moving against Egypt. Pressing on, his intermediate goal was to take the key port of Tyre. A Phoenician city, Tyre was situated on an island approximately half a mile from the mainland and was heavily fortified. Approaching Tyre, Alexander attempted to gain access by requesting permission to make a sacrifice at the citys Temple of Melkart (Hercules). This was refused and the Tyrians declared themselves neutral in Alexanders conflict with the Persians. The Siege Begins: Following this refusal, Alexander dispatched heralds to the city ordering it to surrender or be conquered. In response to this ultimatum, the Tyrians killed Alexanders heralds and threw them from the city walls. Angered and eager to reduce Tyre, Alexander was faced with the challenge of attacking an island city. In this, he was further hampered by the fact that he possessed a small navy. As this precluded a naval assault, Alexander consulted his engineers for other options. It was quickly found that the water between the mainland and the city was relatively shallow until shortly before the city walls. A Road Across the Water: Using this information, Alexander ordered the construction of a mole (causeway) that would stretch across the water to Tyre. Tearing down the remains of the old mainland city of Tyre, Alexanders men began building a mole that was approximately 200 ft. wide. The early phases of construction went smoothly as the citys defenders were unable to strike at the Macedonians. As it began to extend farther into the water, the builders came under frequent attack from Tyrian ships and the citys defenders who fired from atop its walls. To defend against these assaults, Alexander constructed two 150 ft.-tall towers topped with catapults and mounting ballistas to drive off enemy ships. These were positioned at the end of the mole with a large screen stretched between them to protect the workers. Though the towers provided the needed defenses for construction to continue, the Tyrians quickly devised a plan to topple them. Constructing a special fire ship, which was weighted down aft to raise the bow, the Tyrians attacked the end of the mole. Igniting the fire ship, it rode up onto the mole settling the towers ablaze. The Siege Ends: Despite this setback, Alexander endeavored to complete the mole though he became increasingly convinced that he would need a formidable navy to capture the city. In this, he benefited from the arrival of 120 ships from Cyprus as well as another 80 or so that defected from the Persians. As his naval strength swelled, Alexander was able to blockade Tyres two harbors. Refitting several ships with catapults and battering rams, he ordered them anchored near the city. To counter this, Tyrian divers sortied out and cut the anchor cables. Adjusting, Alexander ordered the cables replaced with chains (Map). With the mole nearly reaching the Tyre, Alexander ordered catapults forward which began bombarding the city walls. Finally breaching the wall in the southern part of the city, Alexander prepared a massive assault. While his navy attacked all around Tyre, siege towers were floated against the walls while troops attacked through the breach. Despite fierce resistance from the Tyrians, Alexanders men were able to overwhelm defenders and swarmed through the city. Under orders to slay the inhabitants, only those who took refuge in the citys shrines and temples were spared. Aftermath of the Siege of Tyre: As with most battles from this period, casualties are not known with any certainty. It is estimated that Alexander lost around 400 men during the siege while 6,000-8,000 Tyrians were killed and another 30,000 sold into slavery. As a symbol of his victory, Alexander ordered the mole to be completed and had one of his largest catapults placed in front of the Temple of Hercules. With the city taken, Alexander moved south and was forced to lay siege to Gaza. Again winning a victory, he marched in Egypt where he was welcomed and proclaimed pharaoh. Selected Sources Siege of TyreSiege of Tyre, 332 BC

Essay on Medea and Nietzsches Will to Power - 4275 Words

Medea and Nietzsches Will to Power When Medea kills her children, audiences react with shock and horror. Any sympathy viewers have built for the woman is, in the words of Elizabeth Vandiver, â€Å"undercut† by this act (15). Since Medea is the protagonist, we question why Euripides chose to make her a child murderer. Most scholars agree that he invented this part of the myth. He also lessened her role as witch by drawing attention to her human qualities. This only highlights the infanticide (14) because we cannot excuse her ruthless act as monstrous and non-human. However, Medea remains very human until after she kills her sons. Appearing at the end of the play in the deus ex machina, she takes over not only the position but also the†¦show more content†¦In doing so, she changes from a suicidal victim into an ÃÅ"bermensch, Nietzsche’s Superman, able to survive the tragic events of the play. Analyzing Medea’s actions using the Nietzschean approach helps explain why Euripides may have not only made her a child murderer but also why he placed her in such a lofty position at the end of the play, apparently escaping any justice imposed from an external force or entity. In The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche explained Greek culture as a battle between what he called the Apollonian and Dionysian forces (Campbell 334). The Apollonian, named after the god Apollo, is â€Å"order, lawfulness, perfect form, clarity, precision, self-control, and individuation† (Schact). Fiona Jenkins describes it as â€Å"an art of the visible: it is linked to the power of dreams, illusion . . . Through the Apollonian moment of art the individual is reconstituted as a product of his own ‘dream.’† Joseph Campbell adds that Apollo is the god of prophecy, light, and the sky (336). He is also associated with purification of guilt and error (Fagles 17). The Dionysian, named for Dionysus, is marked by chaos, drunkenness, madness, and instinctive emotions (Kreis, â€Å"Nietzsche, Dionysus and Apollo†). It is excess, dismemberment, and rebirth; the dark, earth-bound force of suffering (Jenkins). The Dionysian alienates figures from social, political, and familial bonds, destroying those who refuse to succumb to its power (McClure). Nietzsche says that theShow MoreRelated Tragedy In Drama Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Greek tragedies is Medea, which is one of the few with a female as the title hero character. Medea demonstrates the changing attitude in Greek drama, and introduces a more human aspect to the hero’s behavior. In the earlier dramas, the heroes were influenced heavily by fate, and the tragic flaw and eventual downfall often had something to do with fate. However, in the case of Medea, we see the hero as falling outside the realm of divine intervention. Though Medea is wronged by Jason, thereRead MoreI Learned About Literature, Reading, And Even1773 Words   |  8 Pagesbe to find. The next works that I became attached to, almost against my will were Medea and Beloved. Of these, neither were ones that I would have ordinarily and voluntarily chosen to read, and yet, they grew on me day by day. From them I learned again, to see the world from the perspective of others. Specifically, from Medea, I began to understand the plight of women, and though it was undoubtedly worse for Medea then it might have been now, it still seems clear that women are marginalized daily

American Workers Are More Beneficial And Cost Efficient...

Many American workers are at risk of losing their jobs to man-made machinery. One author, Adam Davidson,wrote â€Å"Making It in America,† and he argues that American workers are more beneficial and cost efficient than machinery. He uses his interview with Standard Motor Products employee, Maddie Parlier, to build his argument. Maddie is a low educated worker who was forced to take the job at SMP when she became pregnant her senior year of high school. Though she was quick and effective working the laser-welding machine, the unskilled job increased her chance of being replaced by a machine. Many manufacturing companies have found machines more efficient, but don’t realize the effect on American workers. Davidson builds his credibility with logical facts and statistics, and displaying emotional appeals to influence the audience; however, by the end of his article, his ability to influence his readers with his supporting facts strengthens his argument. Throughout â€Å"M aking It in America,† Davidson uses his personal experiences to strengthen his credibility and support his argument. The author’s sources come from personal interactions with the Standard Motor Products Company, including interviews with Maddie Parlier, Luke Hutchins (skilled machinists at SMP), and manager Tony Scalzitti. Tony comes to explain that, â€Å"Maddie is cheaper than a machine,† (Davidson 338). The manager tells us that low-skilled workers are capable of being trained in a short amount of time, whileShow MoreRelatedThe Advantages of International Trade803 Words   |  3 Pagesand demand are affected by global events or activities. For example, Political change in Asia could result in an increase in the cost of labor, thereby increasing the manufacturing costs for an American sneaker company based in Malaysia, which would then result in an increase in the price that you have to pay to buy the tennis shoes at your local mall. A decrease in the cost of labor, on the other hand, would result in you having to pay less for your new shoes. Trading globally gives consumers andRead MoreComparison of Mass/Lean Production/Socio-Technical Systems1438 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, a myriad of approaches have been taken in order to develop the most efficient and cost-effective work systems for the American and global economies. The designs and division of labor of these numerous work systems directly affect productivity, work optimization, and the overall success of the economy. Production of goods of any sort stemmed from the division of labor. Production teams were originally thought to increase quality of work, dexterity, productivity and quantityRead MoreCarnegies Contribution to Industrial Business1058 Words   |  5 PagesCarnegie’s Contribution to Industrial Business It seems that, rapidly, business changed in the Nineteenth Century. Business transformed from a small-scale setting to a larger, more efficient standard. Workers went from being masters at their profession to unskilled workers making more products with the help of machinery. Not only had the physical aspect of business changed, but the organizational skills of being a manager were modified as well. There are many examples of businessmen that contributedRead MoreThe Mcworld As Termed By Barber892 Words   |  4 Pagesworld countries whom are following their footsteps ecologically. That is hurting the worlds ecology by such acts that the first world did but now are demonized. This is unfair to the third worlds whom are trying to develop but are kept down by the more powerful first world. The jihad world according to Barber is on that fights to be as small and as secluded as possible. Their goal is to fight off outsiders by any means necessary to keep their small community intact and avoid the integration of theRead MoreIndustrialization After the Civil War Thesis and Outline Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagesthat was beneficial was the new railroad system. Railroads out west played a huge part in the successful expansion of our country. Prior to the development of a more efficient railroad system, the movement of people and freight were slow, difficult, and cost efficient. Most goods had to be produced and provided locally on a small scale. As a result, prices for products were costly. Despite that, with the help of federal grants, railroad developers were able to build a more efficient railroadRead MoreMinimum Wage Persuasive Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesI. Position Statement Is increasing minimum wage beneficial to society? I believe the United States Federal government should increase the minimum wage. Minimum wage has been a controversial topic in the United States for numerous years. Experts are constantly doing studies and finding emotional and logical appeals to support their arguments. Accordingly, when discussing minimum wage, long-term and short-term effects need to be brought into consideration. Throughout my research, I have found a multitudeRead MoreThe Transatlantic Trade And Investment Partnership1591 Words   |  7 Pagesback from the damage done by the financial crisis that started in 2008. The TTIP has the potential to assist both the consumer and the seller as it can improve purchasing power, create more jobs, and lower prices for the consumer. For example, the U.S is the export leader in agricultural goods and sells â€Å"more than $730 million in goods every day to the European Union† (USO16, n.d). The agreement would eliminate tariffs associated with those goods and create a free market that could benefit businessesRead MoreThe Decline of the Family Farm1811 Words   |  7 Pagesthe support and the respect of the American people. The Jeffersonian Ideal of a nation of farmers has been tossed aside to be replaced by a nation of white-collar workers. The family farm is under attack and it is not being protected. The family farm can help the United States economically by creating jobs in a time when many cannot afford the food in the stores. The family farm can help prevent the degradation of the environment by creating a mutually beneficial relationship between the peopleRead MoreInterpretations of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal1635 Words   |  7 PagesIn the midst of the greatest depression in the history of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt and his committees drafted The New Deal, consisting of policies which they hoped would help all declining facets of the nation at the time. The American people needed to heed a promising leader that would set plans to end the depression, a change from president Hoover who seemed to have no set plan for foe dealing with such economic crisis. The New Deal aimed to stimulate the economy, create jobs,Read MoreThe Impact of Automation on American Culture Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesA few decades ago, the dream of nearly every American was to one day own a car. In present age, this dream has become a reality for the majority of the population. A 2001 report released by the Energy Information Administration showed that on average America alone has approximately 1.79 cars per household (Household vehicles energy, 2005).With all of the luxuries and technologies that are made available for Americans, the United States has proven that they are one of the most advanced nations in

Henry Ford The Life and Achievements (712 words) Essay Example For Students

Henry Ford: The Life and Achievements (712 words) Essay The Life and Achievements of: Henry Ford Henry Ford was born near Dearborn, Michigan, on July 30, 1863. His mother died while he was 12 years old. As an early teenager he helped on the family farm in summer and in winter he attended a one-room school. Watches and clocks fascinated Ford. He went around the countryside doing repair work without pay, doing it just to have the chance to fiddle around with machinery. At the age of 16 Ford walked to Detroit and became a mechanics apprentice. He worked hard, and made $2.50 cents a week. His board was $3.50, so he worked four hours every night for a watchmaker for two dollars a week. In 1884 he took charge of a farm his father gave to him. From 1888 to 1889 he was a mechanical engineer, and later chief engineer, with the Edison Illuminating Company. Automobiles were his thing, and good things were awaiting Ford. In 1896, after experimenting for years in his leisure hours, he completed the construction of his first automobile, the Quadri cycle. He built it in a little shed behind his home. It had a two-cylinder engine over the rear axle that developed four horsepowers, a single seat fitted in a boxlike body, an electric bell for a horn, and steering lever instead of a wheel. In 1899 Ford helped organize the Detroit Automobile Company, which built cars to order. Henrys goal was to build in quantity at a price within the reach of many. His partners objected, and Ford quit. He kept studying cars then he hit it big time. In 1903 Henry Ford organized the Ford Motor Company with only $28,00 raised in cash. This money came from 11 other stockbrokers. Fords company was a huge success. In 1908 the Ford company initiated production of the Model T. The Model T was a Hit. One of the Eleven stockbrokers decided in 1919 that he wanted out of the company. He put in $2,500 into the company to start it up, and when he got out he received more than $35,000,000 dollars. Over 15 million cars were sold until it was discontinued in 1927. It was known as the universal car. New and better things were upcoming for Ford. He put out a new more favored up to date model to meet growing competition called the Model A. Early automobile manufacturers merely bought automobile parts and assembled the cars. He acquired iron and coal mines, forests, mills, and factories, to produce and shape his steel alloys, his fuel, wood, glass, and leather. He built railroad and steamship lines and an airplane freight service in order to transport his products. In 1913 Ford began using standardized interchangeable parts and assembly line techniques in his plant. Mass production was Fords main idea, and he replaced men with machines wherever possible. Each task, which he did repeatedly until it became automatic. Conveyors brought the job to the man instead of having the man waste time going to the job. To cut shipping costs, parts were shipped from the main plants in the Detroit area and assembled into cars at branch plants. He is known for creating the idea of the assembly line. Less work and quicker production of each car. Within in the upcoming years, Fords dominance over the other automobile manufacturers declined. He was slow to adopt the practice of introducing a new model of an automobile each year, which became standard in the industry. During the 1930s Ford adopted the idea of the yearly changeover, but his company was unable to regain the position of which it had. .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed , .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed .postImageUrl , .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed , .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed:hover , .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed:visited , .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed:active { border:0!important; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed:active , .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8309dcb84337788f7d7d49d8595984ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Davin EssayIn 1937 to 1941 the Ford company encountered problems because it was the only major manufacturer of automobiles in the Detroit area that had not recognized any labor unions as the collective bargaining agreement necessary for employees. At hearings before the National Labor Relations Board Ford was found guilty of repeated violations of the National Labor Relations Act. Ford was forced to negotiate a standard labor contract after a successful strike by the workers at his main plant at River Rogue, Michigan, In April 1941. This forcing Ford to make changes that he didnt want to make. Technology

3 Cases Where One Word Makes a Difference

3 Cases Where One Word Makes a Difference 3 Cases Where One Word Makes a Difference 3 Cases Where One Word Makes a Difference By Mark Nichol Often, the presence or absence of one word, or its location, can change the meaning of a sentence, or at the least affect the statement’s clarity. In each of the following sentences, inserting, omitting, or moving a word, respectively, improves its readability. Discussion and revision explain and demonstrate this improvement in each case. 1. Executive management should ensure that their companies are focused on the attributes that make for early-mover status and implement an early-warning capability. This sentence intends to say that executive management should do two things: Ensure something and implement something. But it reads as if the company should do two things: focus on something and implement something. Or does it read as if the attributes do two things (make for early-mover status and implement an early-warning capability)? For the sentence to be clear- for the suggested reinterpretation to make sense and the ambiguity of the sentence organization to be eliminated- the auxiliary verb should must be repeated: â€Å"Executive management should ensure that their companies are focused on the attributes that make for early-mover status and should implement an early-warning capability.† 2. Healthcare providers are expected to not only keep up with these changes, but also to look ahead. In this sentence, because the first to precedes â€Å"not only,† it serves for â€Å"but also† as well: â€Å"Healthcare providers are expected to not only keep up with these changes but also look ahead.† (If to followed â€Å"not only,† it would apply only to that phrase and a corresponding to would be necessary after the complementary phrase â€Å"but also.†) 3. A security breach can be costly both in terms of costs and reputation. Here, the placement of both is problematic- its location before â€Å"in terms of costs† implies that a corresponding (perhaps even identical) prepositional phrase will precede reputation, but if â€Å"in terms of† is to serve both costs and reputation, it must precede both (by preceding both): â€Å"A security breach can be costly in terms of both costs and reputation.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowYay, Hooray, Woo-hoo and Other AcclamationsPunctuation Is Powerful

Requiescat in Pace (R.I.P.) - Definition of R.I.P.

Requiescat in Pace (R.I.P.) - Definition of R.I.P. Requiescat in pace is a Latin blessing with Roman Catholic ties that means â€Å"may he begin to rest in peace. This blessing is translated to ‘rest in peace’, a short saying or expression that wishes eternal rest and peace to an individual who has passed away. The expression typically appears on gravestones, and is often abbreviated as R.I.P. or simply RIP. The initial idea behind the phrase revolved around the souls of the dead remaining un-tormented in the afterlife. History The phrase Requiescat in pace began to be found on tombstones around the eighth century, and it was commonplace on Christian tombs by the eighteenth century. The phrase was especially prominent with the Roman Catholics. It was seen as a request that the soul of a deceased individual would find peace in the afterlife. Roman Catholics believed in and placed much emphasis on the soul, and life after death, and thus the request was for peace in the afterlife. The phrase continued to spread and gain popularity, eventually becoming a common convention. The lack of any explicit reference to the soul in the short phrase caused people to believe that it was the physical body that was wished to enjoy eternal peace and rest in a grave. The phrase can be used to mean either aspect of modern culture. Other Variations Several other variations of the phrase exist. Included among them is Requiescat in pace et in amore, meaning May she rest in peace and love, and â€Å"In pace requiescat et in amore†. Religion The phrase ‘dormit in pace’, which translates to ‘he sleeps in peace’, was found in early Christian catacombs and signified that the individual passed away in the peace of the church, united in Christ. Thus, they would then sleep in peace for eternity. The phrase ‘Rest in Peace’ continues to be engraved on the headstones of several different Christian denominations, including the Catholic Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Anglican Church. The phrase is also open to other religions interpretations. Certain sects of Catholics believe that the term Rest in Peace is actually meant to signify the day of Resurrection. In this interpretation, humans literally rest in their graves until they summoned upward out of it by the return of Jesus. Via Job 14:12-15: 12So  man lies down and does not rise.Until the heavens are no longer,He will not awake nor be aroused out of his  sleep. 13â€Å"Oh that You would  hide me in Sheol,That You would conceal me until Your wrath returns to You,That You would set a limit for me and  remember me!14â€Å"If a man dies, will he live again?All the days of my struggle  I will waitUntil my change comes.15â€Å"You will call, and I will answer You; The short phrase has also been found inscribed on Hebrew gravestones in the graveyard of Bet Shearim. The phrase clearly permeated religious lines. In this situation, it is meant to speak of a person who has died because he or she could not bear the evil around him. The phrase continues to be used in traditional Jewish ceremonies.

Research Design And Analysis Week 5 Assignment 2

Research Design And Analysis Week 5 2 - Assignment Example Qualitative studies also focus on development of meaning on a subject matter as opposed to the scope of quantitative research that focuses on identifying and testing existence of causal relationships. The scope of the article however identifies focus on understanding the role of critical praxis in teamwork. Qualitative research is also subjective, depends on people’s opinion and this identifies with the authors’ approach that express their informed opinion on the subject. Use of words, subjectivity, and focus on development of meaning therefore identifies the article as a qualitative article (Seibold & Kang 2008; Gerrish & Lacey, 2013). The author does not offer a theoretical framework for the study that is exploratory. No discussion therefore exists on a theory or previous application of a theory. The authors also failed to develop research questions for their study. In addition, the authors do not state their study’s dependent and independent variables. The exploratory scope of the study also fails to offer a basis for assuming variables and their relationship (Seibold,

Corporate law for managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate law for managers - Essay Example The courts had found that contracts which were subsequently ratified in a general meeting were not valid as well. (Ashbury Railway & Iron Co v Riche) The Parliament tried to reform such tensions and debates in respect of the objects clause by specifying a provision under the Companies Act 1985.Under section 3A of the Companies Act 1985, a company could carry out business of any nature and could do anything that was incidental or conduct to such business. However, the problem in respect of the objects clause remained and there were cases whereby on the basis of the objects clause the acts of a company were challenged and it was said that the actions of the company were ultra vires. The sole reason for such action was the fact that the company could do acts which were incidental or conductive, however, acts, which were completely separate from such business were still caught for being ultra vires thereby creating problems for companies and their directors for actions which could be hit by way of such an objects clause. In lieu of the problems the Companies Act 2006, by way of section 1295 repealed section 3A and in section stated that unless there were restrictions placed on the objects of the company, the company could indulge in any actions whatsoever.

Country lovers Essay Example for Free

Country lovers Essay copy and paste method Screen-reader users, click here to turn off Google Instant. About 2,640,000 results (0. 56 seconds) Search Results country lovers Web definitions The Country Lovers is a 1911 short silent comedy film directed by Mack Sennett and starring Blanche Sweet. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Country_Lovers Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer, an Analysis lee custodio leecustodio. hubpages. com †º Books, Literature, and Writing? Mar 5, 2012 Country Lovers (1975) is a story of forbidden love between a black woman—Thebedi and Paulus, the son of her white masters. It was a story of Country Lovers College Essays StudyMode. com www. studymode. com †º Home †º Literature? above being a line of strung together sentences and give the story meaning. Recently I have had the pleasure of reading the short story â€Å"Country Lovers†, Country Lovers Meaning Free Essays 1 20 StudyMode. com www. studymode. com/subjects/country-lovers-meaning-page1. html? 20+ items Free Essays on Country Lovers Meaning for students. Use our Country Lovers 737 Words 3 Pages. Country Lovers 980 Words 4 Pages. Response to Country Lovers Research Paper Hamdez8 www. studymode. com †º Home †º Linguistics Human Languages? The first thing that captured my interest about the story â€Å"Country Lovers†, by Nadine Literature exists only when it is read; meaning is an event (versus the New Reading Reflection on the short story by Nadine Gordimer, Country www. scribd. com/ /Reading-Reflection-on-the-short-story-by-Nadine-G? Jun 29, 2013 Finally, I had to evaluate the meaning of the selected literary work, which in this case is Country Lovers, by Nadine Gordimer, once again Country Lovers flashcards | Quizlet quizlet. com/5228536/country-lovers-flash-cards/? Vocabulary words for Quotes and Meanings. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards. Country Lovers Essays Justew53 PaperCamp. com www. papercamp. com †º Literature? Jun 18, 2012 In Nadine Gordimers story, Country Lovers she uses many different methods to describe the meaning behind this story;; An Analysis Of Country Free Country Lovers Vs The Welcome Table Essays 1 30 Anti Essays www. antiessays. com/topics/country-lovers-vs-the-welcome-table/0? Get access to Country Lovers Vs The Welcome Table Essays only from Anti The Welcome Table: discover different human experiences and the meanings. Essay | Analysis of Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer www. bookrags. com/essay-2003/3/6/115012/5149/? Mar 6, 2003 Essays from BookRags provide great ideas for essays and paper topics like Analysis of Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer. View this student Patriotism Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/patriotism? pa ·tri ·ot ·ism. noun ? pa-tre-? -? ti-z? m, chiefly British ? pa-. : love that people feel for their country. Full Definition of PATRIOTISM. : love for or devotion to ones

charant Character Changes in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Character Changes in Antigone In Sophocles' Greek tragedy, Antigone, two characters undergo character changes. During the play the audience sees these two characters' attitudes change from close-minded to open-minded. It is their close-minded, stubborn attitudes, which lead to their decline in the play, and ultimately to a series of deaths. In the beginning Antigone is a close minded character who later becomes open minded. After the death of her brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, Creon becomes the ruler of Thebes. He decides that Eteocles will receive a funeral with military honors because he fought for his country. However, Polyneices, who broke his exile to " spill the blood of his father and sell his own people into slavery", will have no burial. Antigone disagrees with Creon's unjust actions and says, " Creon is not strong enough to stand in my way." She vows to bury her brother so that his soul may gain the peace of the underworld. Antigone is torn between the law placed against burying her brother and her own thoughts of doing what she feels should be done for her family. Her intent is simply to give her brother, Polyneices, a proper burial so that she will follow "the laws of the gods." Antigone knows that she is in danger of being killed for her actions and she says, "I say that this crime is holy: I shall lie down with him in death, and I shall be as dear to him as he to me." Her own laws, or morals, drive her to break Creon's law placed against Polyneices burial. Even after she realizes that she will have to bury Polyneices without the help of her sister, Ismene, she says: Go away, Ismene: I shall be hating you soon, and the dead will too, For your words are hateful. Leave me my foolish plan: I am not afraid of the danger; if it means death, It will not be the worst of deaths-death without honor. Here Ismene is trying to reason with Antigone by saying that she cannot disobey the law because of the consequences. Antigone is close-minded when she immediately tells her to go away an d refuses to listen to her. Later in the play, Antigone is sorrowful for her actions and the consequences yet she is not regretful for her crime. She says her crime is just, yet she does regret being forced to commit it.

Traffic Jams in Jakarta

Traffic Jams in Jakarta By: Juwendi Jaya Putra I. Introduction Thesis statement: The most significant causes of traffic jams in Jakarta lay on some factors. II. Body A. There are too many vehicles in the streets. 1. Many kinds of public transportation are running in the streets. 2. Too many private cars and motorcycles. B. Indiscipline motorists cause additional problems to traffic jams. 1. Bus drivers stop everywhere they like. 2. Bus drivers drive carelessly. 3. Motor bikers don’t obey the traffic signs and regulation. C. Traffic lights in Jakarta are sometimes in malfunction and take too long time. 1. Some intersections in Jakarta have problems with traffic lights. 2. They take too long that they don’t suit the frequency of vehicles, and make vehicles pile up. D. There aren’t enough highways. 1. Highways are still too few. 2. Many dense areas in the suburbs like Bekasi, Bogor, and Depok are still difficult too reach from Jakarta without highways. E. â€Å"Busway† as another alternative to reduce traffic jams in fact also gives a problem to the traffic. III. Conclusion Too conclude, the city government must do the research in order to find the solution for these problems and build more facilities like highways and streets. Creating and implementing strict regulation for the traffic systems can also solve the problem. Traffic Jams in Jakarta Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia has quite many problems. One of them is traffic jam. Traffic jams are everywhere in Jakarta. It is hard for people in Jakarta and in its suburbs like Tangerang, Bekasi, Depok, and Bogor to move around. It takes too long than it should be to get to one place from another. The most significant causes of the problem lay on some factors. One of the causes is the number of vehicles in Jakarta. There are too many buses, cars, motorcycles, and any other kinds of public transportation in the streets. Too many vehicles make too many problems. Their over crowded number makes the traffics jammed. Parking is another problem that caused by the number of vehicles. On the other hand the streets aren’t enough anymore to support the running vehicles. Another cause of the problem is indiscipline motorists. They are bus drivers and even motor cyclists. Many bus drivers don't obey the traffic rules, like stop wherever they like, use low speed in wrong way, ignore the traffic light and many more. They take and get passengers down in wrong place. Motor cyclists also do the same things like other motorists. They never give ways to other motorists. It seems they compete each other in the streets to get faster to their destinations. In addition to careless motorists the traffic lights in Jakarta also give a problem to traffic jams. Many traffic lights in most intersections are malfunction. Some of them are out of order and some don’t suit the frequency of vehicles that pass through the intersections. They take too long that make the vehicles pile up. The next factor to cause the traffic jams in Jakarta is the lack of highways. There aren’t enough highways that connect one place to another. Many dense areas like in the suburbs like Bekasi, Depok, and Bogor are difficult to reach from Jakarta without highways. The last thing that gives additional factor to the traffic jams is the â€Å"bus way†. At first, the government tried to solve the problem by providing an alternative way for public transportation, but later on the bus way has taken some parts of the road. The aim is right, to reduce vehicle using in Jakarta. But it's not so successful, and finally just tighten the road. Too conclude, the city government must do the research in order to find the solution for these problems and build more facilities like highways and streets. Creating and implementing strict regulation for the traffic systems can also solve the problem.

The Federalist Papers By John Jay - 2011 Words

The Federalist Papers, written in New York by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, during the years of 1787 and 1788, were a collection of eighty-five essays that were written to augment and garner support and to defend those concepts set forth in The Constitution of the United States of America (hereafter â€Å"The Constitution†), which had not yet been ratified. The Federalist Papers not only championed The Constitution, but they also explained how the new government would operate in the United States as further detailed below. It was crucial to the success of the new country that The Constitution be ratified; and Jay, Hamilton and Madison were prepared to do anything they could to see to the documents, as well as the United States, success. In September of 1787, The Constitution was proposed to The Confederation Congress. The Confederation Congress was a government that was made up of appointed delegates from the then, thirteen states. Since it was the supreme g overning body, it was the party that was able to make the decision about the fate of The Constitution. The decision made was to turn the decision over to the states for ratification. Therefore, Jay, Hamilton and Madison wrote the Federalist Papers to ensure that there was going to be adequate support to have the states ratify The Constitution. Additionally, they were written to counter act the negative comments being made by those persons opposed to The Constitution, which includedShow MoreRelatedThe Federalist Papers By John Jay1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Federalist Papers Essay The Federalist Papers written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison were wrote to convince the people of the states that the newly written constitution would be a vastly better system of government than the articles of confederation, and that the states should ratify it. The purpose of Federalist Paper No. 51 is to inform the reader of safeties created by the constitutional convention to maintain separate branches of government, and to protect theRead MoreThe Federalist Papers By John Jay995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federalist Papers â€Å"This country and this people seem to have been made for each other, and it appears as if it was the design of Providence that an inheritance so proper and convenient for a ban of brethren, united to each other by the strongest of ties, should never be split into a number of unsocial, jealous, and alien sovereignties.† (Jay 1787) This was written by John Jay in one of a collection of 85 essays written by John Jay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton known as The FederalistRead MoreThe Federalist Papers : Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, And John Jay1094 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ The authors of The Federalist Papers are Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. The book is edited by Clinton Rossiter, and has introduction and notes by Charles R. Kesler. Alexander Hamilton was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, along with being the first secretary of the treasure of the United States. Hamilton was a man of many things: a Government official, author, military leader, economist, lawyer, and political scientist in his short lifetime. As ambitious a man HamiltonRead MoreThe Federalist Paper, By Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, And John Jay1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe Federalist Papers are a series of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, which argued the reasons why the Articles of Confederation should be strengthened. These articles support the new constitution as well as seek ratification from the states. On November 7, 1787 John Jay published The Fourth Federalist Paper. In The Fourth Federalist Paper John Jay explains that the U.S should be unified under a central government rather than function as multiple independentRead MoreThe Federalist Papers By James Madison, Alexander Ham ilton, And John Jay1974 Words   |  8 PagesThe Federalist Papers written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay are one of the greatest collections of literature from the time period of 1787 to 1788 when the Constitution was being ratified by the states. This collection of eighty-five essays was written for the states, to help them better understand and grasp a concept of why they should vote for the ratification of The Constitution. Why did the Madison, Hamilton, and Jay write The Federalist Papers and what is there underlyingRead MoreThe Federalist Papers, By Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, And John Jay1715 Words   |  7 PagesThe Federalist Papers, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, can be argued to be one of the most quintessential contributions to United States history. The series of eighty-five essays was published in 1788 to increase support for the ratification of the Constitution. The Federalist Papers were written to suppress A mericans’ apprehensions regarding the creation of a stronger national government. Unlike the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution was fixated on how the newRead MoreThe Federalist Papers, By Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, And John Jay1357 Words   |  6 Pages The Federalist Papers were a series of eighty-five articles in 1787-88 written mostly in part to persuade the colonies to ratify the United States Constitution. The papers were written anonymously by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym â€Å"Publius† and addressed major concerns that the colonists expressed about the Constitution. One of their major concerns was the proposed bicameral legislature’s ability to cooperate. The Constitution established a two-part CongressRead MoreThe Federalist Papers By Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, And John Jay1176 Words   |  5 PagesBut the Federalists would not easily forfeit. They argued that the Constitution didnâ€℠¢t require a Bill of Rights. The Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, summed up the thoughts of many Federalists. In Federalist Paper No. 84 Publius, a pseudonym under which they wrote, addressed Antifederalist worries, â€Å"Bills of rights†¦ are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution, but would even be dangerous.† Publius argued that because the Constitution was â€Å"foundedRead MoreThe Federalist Papers By James Madison, Alexander Hamilton And John Jay1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe Federalist papers are a group of eighty-five essays written collectively by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. The papers were written as an attempt to advocate and further the progress of the ratification of the United States Constitution. Federalist Number Ten is the first essay of the series written by James Madison. In this essay, Madison is attempting to convey the dangers of factions or political divisions within a go verning body. He believes that any well thought out unionRead MoreTheu.s. Constitution And The Constitution1612 Words   |  7 Pagestheir decisions who were pro-constitution (federalists), but nevertheless, there were people, anti-federalists, who did not support the constitution. Although they did not want the Articles of Confederation in place, neither did they want to ratify the constitution because they opposed of having a strong central government. The ratification of the constitution changed the face of the United States and set forth a model for future documents to come. Federalists fought very hard against their opposing

Cervantes and Shakespeare Same Era, Different Tales

In one of those coincidences of history, two of the Western worlds leading authors — William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra — died on April 23, 1616 (more on that soon). But thats not all they had in common, for each was a pioneer in his field and had a long-lasting influence on his language. Heres a quick look at the ways in which these two writers were similar and different. Vital Statistics Keeping records of birth dates wasnt nearly as important in 16th-century Europe as it is today, and therefore we dont know with certainty the exact date when Shakespeare or Cervantes was born. We do know, however, that Cervantes was the older of the two, having been born in 1547 in Alcalà ¡ de Henares, near Madrid. His birth date is usually given as Sept. 19, the day of San Miguel. Shakespeare was born on a spring day in 1564, presumably in Stratford-upon-Avon. His baptism date was April 26, so he probably was born a few days before then, possibly on the 23rd. While the two men shared a date of death, they didnt die on the same day. Spain was using the Gregorian calendar (the one in nearly universal use today), while England was still using the old Julian calendar. So Cervantes in fact died 10 days ahead of Shakespeare. Contrasting Lives Its safe to say that Cervantes had the more eventful life. He was born to a deaf surgeon who struggled to find lasting work in a field that was low-paying at the time.  In his 20s, Cervantes joined the Spanish military and was seriously injured in the Battle of Lepanto, receiving chest injuries and a damaged hand. As he was returning to Spain in 1575, he and his brother Rodrigo were captured by Turkish pirates and subjected to forced labor. He remained in custody for five years despite repeated attempts to flee. Eventually, Cervantes family drained its resources in paying ransom to liberate him. After attempting and failing to make a living as a playwright (only two of his plays survive), he took a job with the Spanish Armada and ended up being accused of graft and jailed. He was once even accused of murder. Cervantes finally achieved fame after publishing the first part of the novel El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha in 1605. The work is usually described as the first modern novel, and it was translated to dozens of other languages. He published the remainder of the work a decade later and also wrote other less well-known novels and poems. He did not become wealthy, however, as author royalties were not the norm at the time. In contrast with Cervantes, Shakespeare was born into a wealthy family and grew up in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon. He made his way to London and was apparently making a living as an actor and playwright in his 20s. By 1597, he had published 15 of his plays, and two years later he and business partners built and opened the Globe Theatre. His financial success gave him more time to write plays, which he continued to do until his early death at age 52. Influences on Language Living languages always evolve, but fortunately for us, both Shakespeare and Cervantes were authors recently enough that most of what they wrote remains understandable today despite changes in grammar and vocabulary during the intervening centuries. Shakespeare undoubtedly had a greater influence in changing the English language, thanks to his flexibility with parts of speech, freely using nouns as adjectives or verbs, for example. He is also known to have drawn from other languages such as Greek when it was useful. Although we dont know how many words he coined, Shakespeare is responsible for the first recorded use of around 1,000 words. Among the lasting changes he is partly responsible for is the popular use of un- as a prefix to mean not. Among the words or phrases we know first from Shakespeare are one fell swoop, swagger, odds (in the betting sense), full circle, puke (vomit), unfriend (used as a noun to refer to an enemy). and hazel (as a color). Cervantes isnt known so much for enriching Spanish vocabulary as he is for using sayings or phrases (not necessarily original with him) that have endured and even become parts of other languages. Among those that have become part of English are tilting at windmills, the pot calling the kettle black (although in the original a frying pan does the talking), and the skys the limit. So widely known became Cervantes pioneering novel that Don Quijote became the source of the English adjective quixotic. (Quixote is an alternative spelling of the title character.) The Spanish equivalent is quijotesco, although it more often refers to personality than does the English word. Both men became closely associated with their languages. English is frequently referred to as the language of Shakespeare (although the term is often used to refer specifically to how it was spoken in his era), while Spanish is often called the language of Cervantes, which has changed less since his era than English has. Did Shakespeare and Cervantes Ever Meet? As so whether the two playwrights crossed paths, the quick answer is not that we know of, but its possible. After twins were born to Shakespeare and his wife, Anne Hathaway, in 1585, there are seven nonconsecutive lost years of his life for which we have no record. Although most speculation assumes that he spent his time in London perfecting his craft, fans have speculated that Shakespeare traveled to Madrid and became personally acquainted with Cervantes. Although we have no evidence of that, we do know that that one play that Shakespeare may have written, The History of Cardenio, is based on one of Cervantes characters in Don Quijote. However, Shakespeare would not have needed to travel to Spain to become familiar with the novel. That play no longer exists. Because we know little about the educations that Shakespeare and Cervantes received, there also has been speculation that neither wrote the works attributed to him. A few conspiracy theorists have even proposed that Shakespeare was the author of Cervantes works and/or vice versa — or that a third party, such as Francis Bacon, was the author of both their works. Such wild theories, especially regarding Don Quijote, seem far-fetched, as Don Quijote is steeped in Spains culture of the time in a way that a foreigner would have found difficult to convey. Key Takeaways Noted writers William Shakespeare of England and Miguel de Cervantes of Spain lived at the same time—they died on the same calendar date—but Cervantes was born about 17 years earlier.Both men had an enormous influence on their respective languages.It is unknown if the two men ever met, but missing years in Shakespeares life makes that a possibility.

Foundation of Nursing - 1103 Words

1. Nursing It is assisting the individuals, sick or well in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge (Virginia Henderson) 2. Art A superior skill that you can learn by study, practice and observation. 3. Science The ability to produce solutions in some problem domain. 4. Other disciplines that are related to nursing and how they contribute to nursing: i) Medicine- Doctors consult patients and order investigations to be performed on a patient as well as prescribe medicine for the patient. They give instructions as to how the patient has to be nursed for example†¦show more content†¦A profession implies professed attainments in special knowledge as distinguished from mere skill (Century Dictionary); nursing is an honorable calling, nothing further, implying proficiency in certain more or less mechanical duties; it is not primarily designed to contribute to the sum of human knowledge or the advancement of science. The great and principal duty of a nurse is to make a patient comfortable in bed, something not always attained by the most bookish of nurses. Any intelligent, not necessarily educated woman can, in short time, acquire the skills to carry out with implicit obedience the physician’s directions.† It is against this background that the writer seeks to establish whether nursing is a profession or not. Nursing is a profession; looking at the definition of a profession Nursing does qualify to one. One has to be trained theoretically and should acquire the necessary practical skills before qualifying to be a nurse. Nursing has various specialized areas such as Operating Theatre, Intensive Care, Medical, Surgical, Ophthalmic Nursing etc. After attaining Basic Nursing Training one can choose to specialize in some of the specialized areas. Nursing requires a person to be capable of doing many tasks and having compassion and dedication for the profession. Nursing is a career that is ever changing and enlarging its field of knowledge. Nurses deal with matters ofShow MoreRelatedThe Foundation And Provision Of Nursing1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe foundation and provision of nursing care is guided by key values of nursing and definitions of nursing. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing [AACN] (2008) highlights five values that represent the core of nursing practice. These values include altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, and social justice. This essay will focus on my top three values of altruism, human dignity, and autonomy, how these values are currently represented in my life, and how these values led to my ownRead MoreQuestions On Foundations Of Nursing1298 Words   |  6 PagesHNB1102 Foundations of Nursing Name: Annie Ly ID: 3900965 Word Count: Lecturer: Sujashan The â€Å"No Lift† approach is advocated by Worksafe Victoria as best practice for patient manual handling in the healthcare industry. Identify two (2) control measures that fit under this â€Å"No Lift† approach and discuss how they reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries faced by nurses within Australia health care settings. Nurses today, are currently facingRead MoreTheoretical Foundations of Nursing4269 Words   |  18 PagesTHEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING A. ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY â€Å"I think one’s feelings waste themselves in words; they ought all to be distilled into actions which bring results.† Florence Nightingale (1860) Florence Nightingale defined Nursing as â€Å"the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery† (1860/1969), that it involves the nurses initiative to configure environmental settings appropriate for the gradual restoration of the patients health, and thatRead MoreFoundations For Lifelong Learning For Nursing956 Words   |  4 PagesNursing is a compilation of finely tuned skills to meet the physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the patient and family. To me personally it was also a calling and an opportunity to combine my passion for helping others with my interest in the science of the human body. The many years spent as a bedside nurse and in leadership roles have provided me with experiences that have shaped me in one way or another and allowed me to build on those skills. Foundations for Lifelong Learning in NursingRead MoreTheoretical Foundations Of Advanced Nursing1149 Words   |  5 PagesPain Concept Britton Lerch Due Date: September 15, 2015 Kaplan University MN502: Theoretical Foundations of Advanced Nursing Dr. Phelps â€Æ' Introduction Concepts are ideas that can assist nurses with understanding various situations. This enables researchers seeking scientific theories in order to identify and measure theory components. It is best to have clear concepts in order to prevent misunderstandings. Confusion can hinder patient’s knowledge when providing patient education. Poor communicationRead MoreThe Foundation Of The Jjc Nursing Program Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesMy practicum setting will be an associate degree nursing program, Joliet Junior College (JJC), one of the oldest community colleges in Illinois. The mission of the school is focused on offering students an affordable, accessible valued education for a lifelong profession in nursing, and to serve the community (Joliet Junior College [JJC], n. d.). Accordingly, the school’s philosophy is based on preparing students to be exceptional providers in the growing healthcare system, providing safe and highRead MoreNursing Theory: Foundation for Nur sing as a Profession Essay2496 Words   |  10 PagesNursing Theory: Foundation for Nursing as a Profession Wilma J. Vintson Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 501: Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Fall 2011 Nursing Theory: Foundation for Nursing as a Profession Introduction This paper will discuss nursing theory and review how it relates to nursing as a profession. It will also focus on aspects of Virginia Henderson’s theory on the complementary-supplementary model of nursing. Nursing leadership, as it relates to Henderson’s theoryRead MoreHealth Assessment : The Foundation Of Nursing Essay1935 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: Health assessment is considered as the foundation of nursing (Altman, Kerestzes, Wcisel Altman, 2010) because it is the first step mentioned in the nursing process. The activities in health assessment may include the collecting, confirming, organizing, interpreting and documenting patients’ data so that health providers will be able to produce nursing diagnosis thus enable them to treats their patients efficiently (Daniels, 2004). It is also mentioned that health assessment can beRead MoreEssay about Nursing Foundations in the Healthcare Community840 Words   |  4 PagesReflecting on Nursing Foundations of Community Health Week 2 Reflection: Nursing Foundations of Community Health Alicia C. Byrd, RN Walden University NURS 6150 Section 11, Promoting and Preserving Health in a Diverse Society March 13, 2011 Reflecting on Nursing Foundations of Community Health Community health nursing can work in the government, private agencies, clinics or other private settings. Nurses in this field focus on populations, working with individuals, groups and families

Downtown Beirut, Response on Mohsens Article free essay sample

Downtown Beirut: a spot pour les bourgeois In his article Downtown Beirut: A City of Ghosts? , published in the Alakhbar English journal on Saturday, January 7 2012, Ahmed Mohsen describes the heart of Beirut as an empty, fake, artificial hanging spot for the elite, so distant and alienated from the culture and the civilization of the good old Beirut known for its diversity among different social classes.Mohsen considers rebuilding the capital after the traumatizing war have indeed its true identity and covered its alleys with fake architecture that destroyed the historical beauty of what once was known as the Paris of the Middle East. For many, whats known today as Solidere , projects the new post war era, the era of a flourishing economy and an original society. In fact, the new buildings are indeed nothing more than an overpriced imitation of other countries architecture leaving the old Beirut and its rich Middle Eastern history nothing more than a memory along with its social tr aditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Downtown Beirut, Response on Mohsens Article or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mohsen pointed out in his article that after rebuilding the center of the capital, the original citizens in Wadi Abu Jamil and its surroundings are no longer there. According to the authors article Wadi Abu Jamils original residents and owners have vanished. (Page #120) I personally believe that the old Beirut with its old, wrecked buildings and crowded dirty alleys is a unique haven of coexistence between the various religious sects and the different social classes unlike the new Down Town or DT with its new original buildings inhabited by only one social class.The High class. The reconstruction of Beirut put money and artificial beauty over the unity of the classes and the unity of the different peoples that lived for centuries in Lebanon and their reunification after the devastating war. In his article, the author criticized the fact that only rich people can shop or hang out in the DT saying For those who can afford it, the place to shop in downtown is Beirut souks. (Page # 119). In fact, all the shops present in downtown are indeed expensive for the average citizen.But the problem is that even the most basic things in a small shop are much more expensive than any other place in the country. Buying a simple cone of ice cream will cost you something around 2000 L. L in Lebanon, but buying it from downtown will cost you about 7000 L. L. All the artificial beauty that is supposed to encourage the Lebanese around the world to go back to their country is in fact, a repulsive, ugly place reserved for the elite and rich tourists from neighboring Arabic countries.

Thriving Under Pressure Essay Example For Students

Thriving Under Pressure Essay Life has many ways of testing a persons will, either by having nothing happen to them or by having everything happen to them at once. Life does this, in order to separate the tough from the weak. Some people shy away when an obstacle occurs, some people thrive. When the going gets tough, the tough get going is a proverb that describes these people. I am considered as a tough guy in my hockey, my schooling and in my personal life. To begin, perseverance is essential in my hockey life; I force myself to overcome the obstacles that lay before me. J. We will write a custom essay on Thriving Under Pressure specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Sidlow Baxter once said What is the difference between an obstacle and an opportunity? Its our attitude toward it. Every opportunity has a difficulty, and every difficulty has an opportunity. For example, during my game where we are losing, I can sink to everyones level or I may rise to the occasion, I must continue to thrive. As captain, and a leader on the team I am obligated to lead my team when my teammates are down on themselves. I have the responsibility to lead us to victory. Secondly, to achieve all hockey players dream to make the National Hockey League you must frequently train, outwork your peers and push your limits. Sometimes there are road blocks on the path to success, such as an injury. Last season I was diagnosed with a concussion which delayed my training by three months. However, instead of giving up, I worked even harder to catch up with my peers. Lastly the tough gets going after a long training session at practice. The tough continues to give his hundred percent when the drills get harder and he gets tired. This is how you improve, every time I get tired I tell myself that you only get what you put in  . In my hockey life I am considered as the tough one that gets things going. Secondly, overcoming obstacles is something that we all need to do as humans. While most people give up, I on the other hand keep working harder. Dale Carnegie once said Most of the important things in the world have been accomplished by people who have kept on trying when there seemed to be no hope at all . To me this means that nothing good in life comes easy. In school for instance, you have to stay focused and work harder when you think you cant do it. When I am pressed for time, I manage to work efficiently, to not stress, to maintain my focus and to get the work done. Another example where I demonstrated mental toughness is that while I was falling behind and did not understand the lessons, rather than giving up, I bore down, asked for help and figure a solution whether it was to stay after school or get my brother to help me. The one thing you cannot do is give up. Lastly, at one point I was failing, I was letting my personal life interfere with my work. I had forgotten the importance of school. I had sat down; evaluated myself and promised that changes would be made. Moving forward more focus would be given to my academics, and I would stop dwelling on the past. I always find a solution at school when it seems there is no hope. Finally, life at times could seem like a jerk; always pushing you down trying to get you upset. Martin Luther King, Jr said The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.   These times of controversy and challenge appear often in my relationships. .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca , .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca .postImageUrl , .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca , .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca:hover , .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca:visited , .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca:active { border:0!important; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca:active , .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2facaf3a4f7c1292967aec752d077aca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Ibis EssayAs the saying goes a relationships is like a rollercoaster, they have their ups and downs   I have endured many downs, such as breakups, fights, even the silliest things such as rumors. All of these required work, and its needed most when you think its over, work that I often do. I also encounter these tough times in my life at home. My family and I get into many tough times when it comes to money. We as a family work harder to save money cut spending costs and avoid future obstacles. Its during hard times that you need to work the hardest. This happens in all of my day to day business. From chores to homework, working out, cooking. Everything in life, everything needs to be finished, you cannot procrastinate. Because of my attitude I accomplish things that most people would not be able to accomplish when faced with similar obstacles. I am tough when things get tough. In conclusion, my attitude towards problems is easily explained by the saying when the going gets tough the tough gets going , because I thrive under pressure and always manage to overcome the obstacles that life gives me in my hockey, my schooling and in my personal life.

Critical Thinking Essay Example

Critical Thinking Essay Abrahem Helal University of Maryland University College DMBA 610 / Section 9045 / Individual Research Paper 1 Critical Thinking This paper, examination, report, or the section thereof for which I have indicated responsibility, is my own work. Any assistance I received in its preparation is acknowledged within the report or examination, in accordance with academic practice. For any data, ideas, words, diagrams, pictures, or other information from any source, quoted or not, I have cited the sources fully and completely in footnotes and bibliographical entries, as required. Furthermore, I certify that the material was prepared by me specifically for this class and has not been submitted, in whole or significant part, to any other class in this university or elsewhere, or used for any purpose other than satisfying the requirements of this class, except that I am allowed to submit this material to a professional publication, peer reviewed journal, or professional conference. In adding my name following the word Signature, I intend that this certification will have the same authority and authenticity as a document executed with my hand-written signature. SignatureAbrahem HelalDateFebruary 17, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction3 Step 1: What are the issue and conclusions? 3 Step 2: What are the reasons? 4 Step 3: What words or phrases are ambiguous? 5 Step 4: What are the value and descriptive assumptions and conflicts? 7 Step 5: Are there any fallacies in the reasoning? 8 Step 6: How good is the evidence? 9 Step 7: Are there any rival causes? 10 Step 8: A re the statistics deceptive? 11 Step 9: What significant information has been omitted? 2 Step 10: What reasonable conclusions are possible? 13 References14 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to apply each of the steps of the critical thinking model developed by (Browne Keeley, 2012) to assess the arguments presented in a memo prepared by Ms. Mary Ford (personal communication, January 30, 2012), hereafter referred to as â€Å"the memo†, who is the Director of the Amalgamated Public Employees Union (APEU) Local No. 121 to Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hector Fuentes, the President of APEU Local No. 121, contesting a memo drafted by New Mexico Governor Gloria Gainor (personal communication, October 20, 2011) informing the APEU Local No. 121 of the intent to outsource and privatize the New Mexico Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) information systems management function. Step 1: What are the issue and conclusions? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 2) Issue:In the memo the issue described is of a prescriptive nature. It is one that is â€Å"ethical or moral in nature and raises questions about what is right and wrong, desirable or undesirable, good or bad† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 20). Specifically the issue is should Governor Gainor proceed with the proposed outsourcing and privatization of the New Mexico DMV information systems management function which would potentially adversely affect state employees, 43 of whom are members of APEU Local No. 121. Conclusion:In the memo Ms. Ford concludes that the APEU Local No. 21 should rebut the Governor’s proposed privatization of the DMV information systems management function â€Å"as an unfair management practice† that will lead to APEU members losing their jobs in a manner which â€Å"violates the principles of the Pendleton Act of 1883 â€Å"which stipulates that government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and made it illegal to arbitrarily and capriciously fire or demote government employees† (Milestone Documents, n. d. ) Step 2: What are the reasons? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 3) According to Browne Keeley, â€Å"the worth of a conclusion cannot be determined until the reasons behind the opinion are identified. Reasons are explanations or rationales for why a conclusion should be believed† (Browne Keeley, 2012, pp. 29-30). In the memo Ms. Ford gives the following reasons to rationalize her conclusion. 1) The proposed outsourcing and privatization of the DMV information systems management function is â€Å"anti-American and an assault on APEU Local No. 121 members†. ) The proposed privatization will â€Å"set the stage for state government to decrease employee wages in the future† because foreign companies will vie for this privatization and accept wages lower than APEU Local 121 members. 3) Outsourcing public services to the private corporations is not good for the economy, leads to instability, and only serves to benefit corporations who are only concerned with turning a profit. â€Å"If corporate greed isn’t satisfied, the com panies will pull out leaving the public high and dry†. ) Outsourcing and privatization are the cause of the current recession and the proposed privatization will only exasperate unemployment in New Mexico. 5) Permitting the proposed privatization will result in the same thing happening in other departments leading to further disbursement of union members and diminished union strength. 6) The proposed privatization is nothing more than the Governor â€Å"attempting to demonstrate that management controls the union and to force out older experienced workers†. ) Privatization of public sector responsibilities will result in â€Å"the state losing control of its information systems and citizen data will be compromised†. 8) Outsourcing doesn’t save money, as the Governor has suggested. â€Å"Costs associated with overseeing third-party contractors adds 20% of hidden costs to the price of each outsourced government contract†. 9) Customer service will suff er as a result of outsourcing to foreign companies. â€Å"There will inevitably be communication and culture clash issues which will only further costs†. 0) Privatization and outsourcing violates the Pendleton Act of 1883 which was â€Å"established to protect government employees from illegal termination or demotion† (Wikipedia, n. d. , p. 1). Step 3: What words or phrases are ambiguous? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 4) According to Browne Keeley, â€Å"ambiguity refers to the existence of multiple possible meanings for a word or phrase† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 41). Ambiguity results whenever a word or a phrase can have more than one distinct and valid meaning and can usually be eliminated through extra information. In the memo there are several ambiguous words and phrases that require further explanation. 1) The Governor states that privatization will result in â€Å"approximately† $250,000. 00 per year in budgeted personnel costs. What does approximately mean? Is it plus or minus $5,000. 00, $10,000. 00, $50,000. 00? The word approximately does not give a clear picture of the projected savings. 2) The Governor promises union members will be offered â€Å"similar positions† in other departments as they arise through attrition. What does the Governor actually mean by similar positions? The word similar can be interpreted in many different ways and requires further clarification. 3) Ms. Ford states that privatization is an â€Å"assault† on our union and â€Å"anti-American†. Both assault and anti-American are easily interpreted in various ways depending on the reader. Assault can mean unlawful or violent act. Following the word assault up with anti-American gives it a little more clarity in the context of this memo, however anti-American can mean many different things as well. 4) Ms. Ford states that privatization will lead to â€Å"decreased† employee wages. While any decrease isn’t desirable, a slight / small decrease may be tolerable. As such the word decreased requires further clarification. 5) Ms. Ford states that she had lunch the other day with a â€Å"group† of union members and â€Å"everyone† was in agreement. What was the size of the group and who is everyone? Is everyone those that she went to lunch with and if so just how many people is that? Or is everyone all the members of APEU Local 121. Everyone is a vague term to describe a group of people and requires further clarification. 6) Ms. Ford states that New Mexico will â€Å"lose control† of information systems and data will be compromised. The phrase lose control has a loose interpretation. In many instances where public information is managed by private entities that information is solely the property of the government. Her use of the phrase lose control implies that the government will no longer have any claim or oversight to the public information being managed by the private companies. Step 4: What are the value and descriptive assumptions and conflicts? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 5) Assessing value and descriptive assumptions serves to identify hidden assumptions specified to justify a conclusion. Browne Keeley define a value assumption as â€Å"an implicit preference for one value over another in a particular context. Value assumptions are beliefs about how the world should be† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 59). Browne Keeley go on to define descriptive assumptions as â€Å"beliefs about the way the world was, is, or will be† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 65). In the context of the memo there are several value and descriptive assumptions. To begin with Ms. Ford states that that the proposed privatization is an assault on the union as well as anti-American. As a union member herself, Ms. Ford is partial to the union and has a clear interest in protecting union jobs. Her opinion is subjective and not a proven fact. It is an arguable assumption about the way the world is. In fact â€Å"the real issue is not so much public vs. private, it is monopoly vs. competition. A key issue in the trend towards privatization is the introduction of competition (e. g. , public-public competition, public-private competition, competition between public-private ventures, public-nonprofit competition) to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve quality and customer satisfaction† (Nightingale Pindus, 1997). Ms. Ford goes on to assert that based on her personal experience and those of her brother-in-law, who was downsized out of a job, this pattern of privatization, if not stopped, will continue and will further exasperate the existing recession. She goes on to allege that there will not be ample replacement jobs and that union members will be forced to accept lower wages due to increased competition. These are assumptions which demonstrate the way she believes the world will be. Step 5: Are there any fallacies in the reasoning? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 6) Browne Keeley define a fallacy â€Å"as a reasoning trick used as a mechanism for persuasion. It is an attack or insult used as an argument rather than directly addressing the reasoning in a comment† (Browne Keeley, 2012, pp. 74-75). In the context of the memo the most obvious fallacy is Ms. Ford emotionally referring to Governor Gainor as a bully, an ad hominem fallacy described by Browne Keeley as â€Å"against the man or against the person. It is attacking the messenger, in this case the Governor, instead of addressing the message. † (Browne keeley, 2012, pp. 75). Throughout the entire memo Ms. Ford uses glittering generality words such as â€Å"anti-American† and â€Å"instability† which are both vague and emotionally charged in attempt to gain support. The use of glittering generality words such as these do not support her argument and only serve as an attempt to exhort an emotional reaction by diverting attention from the issue. Other fallacies employed by Ms. Ford include the slippery slope fallacy. Ms. Ford declares that if the proposed privatization is allowed to happen then this pattern will continue on into other departments and will heighten an existing recession. This is an assertion on her part that the proposed privatization will â€Å"set off an uncontrollable chain of undesirable events† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 77). Finally, Ms. Ford concludes her argument with affirmatory statements such as â€Å"our members will lose their jobs to gain marginal efficiencies† and â€Å"violates the merit principle enshrined in the Pendleton Act of 1883†. These are arguments in which â€Å"the conclusion is assumed in the reasoning, or rather, begging the question fallacy† (Brown Keeley, 2012, p. 85). Step 6: How good is the evidence? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapters 7 8) Browne Keeley state that critical thinking requires evaluation of the evidence provided and in doing so one must ask what is the proof, where is the evidence and how reliable is it? In the memo Ms. Ford inserts the personal experience of her brother-in-law, who was downsized in a different state and remains unemployed, as proof the proposed privatization will result in the same for her and other APEU Local No. 121 union members. However she fails to provide any evidence of why her brother-in-law was downsized or the reasons for which he remains unemployed. She makes the hasty generalization that because this happened to her brother-in-law it will happen to the members of APEU Local No. 121 and continue on from there. Further Ms. Ford attempts to engage the Pendleton Act of 1883 as an argument against the proposed privatization stating that it is â€Å"unfair and in violation† of the act. However she omits any explanation of the Pendleton Act which stipulates that â€Å"government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit. It provided for selection of government employees through competitive examinations. It also made it unlawful to fire or demote covered employees for political reasons or to require them to give political service or payment† (Digital History, 2012). In no place does the Pendleton Act state that public service employees cannot be downsized or moved to other departments or positions in pursuit of increased efficiencies. Further, Ms. Ford asserts that the proposed outsourcing will be awarded to a foreign firm. She provides absolutely no evidence that this will happen and in fact makes a rash assumption that has no merit. Finally, Ms. Ford makes a final and concluding emotional plea to Union President Hector Fuentes stating that the proposed privatization is unjust and will result in the loss of jobs. In doing so she is attempting to persuade Mr. Fuentes to follow is heart and intuition. Step 7: Are there any rival causes? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 9) Browne Keeley define a rival cause as â€Å"a plausible alternative explanation that can explain why a certain outcome will or has occurred† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 128). In the context of the memo, Ms. Ford states that the proposed privatization will lead to union workers having to accept lower wages as â€Å"foreign agents will bid for the contract and accept lower wages than union members receive†. She continues on to declare that if this is not stopped it will lead to the same thing happening in other departments with the government continuing to both downsize union employees and drive down wages in the future. This is a post hoc fallacy in that she is assuming this will happen simply because of this single privatization proposal by Governor Gainor. Her statements are a casual oversimplification where she â€Å"relies on factors that are insufficient to substantiate her conclusions† (Browne keeley, 2012, p. 131). Ms. Ford goes on to say that the proposed privatization will lead to â€Å"communication and culture clash problems† resulting in diminished customer service. Again, this is a baseless casual oversimplification and lacks merit. Finally, Ms. Ford implores Mr. Fuentes â€Å"not to give in to the Governor’s proposal as the government will not respect APEU Local No. 121 power in future negotiations of any kind†. In doing so one must ask what her true objective is. Is it to protect union jobs or to maintain a fighting position with government? Step 8: Are the statistics deceptive? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 10) Browne Keeley state that â€Å"statistics can and often lie. They do not necessarily prove what they appear to prove. One must ask are the statistics deceptive† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 142)? In the context of the memo Ms. Ford gives two distinct figures and fails to provide any supporting evidence that they are indeed factual. First she states that â€Å"according to her brother-in-law, management uses the promise of rehire to gain union support for outsourcing and 80% of the time they don’t keep their promise†. This statistic was a figure she was given by her unemployed relative that was recently downsized and is likely an exaggerated figure that has not been scrutinized. She goes on to state that privatization â€Å"does not save money and that according to a recent Wall Street newspaper, the additional costs of overseeing third-party contractors adds 20% of hidden costs to the price of each government outsourcing contract†. Once again one must ask which â€Å"recent† Wall Street newspaper did this statistic come from and what other supporting sources are there to supplement this figure. Finally, Ms. Ford states that she went to lunch with a group of union members and that â€Å"everyone was in agreement†. In doing so she attempts to imply that the union as a whole is in agreement and will support the re-election of Mr. Fuentes. However, she fails to state the size of the group she had lunch with. A group can be as few as two people. Her failure to give specifics on the group diminishes from her alleging that all union members were in agreement. Step 9: What significant information has been omitted? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 11) Browne Keeley state that â€Å"significant omitted information is information that shapes the reasoning. Arguments often attempt to deceive and the arguer often will have different values, beliefs, and attitudes† (Browne Keeley, 2012, pp. 153-154). Omitted information can alter a conclusion and thus it is essential to recognize when relevant information has been omitted. In the context of the memo both Governor Gainor and Ms. Ford omit relevant information. Governor Gainor states that the proposed privatization will save the state approximately $250,000. 00 per year in budgeted annual personnel costs and that those who lose their positions as a result will be moved to other similar positions as vacancies arise through attrition. Governor Gainor fails to explain what the other similar positions are and how they will be filled as vacancies arise since the term attrition literally means a reduction in size. Her statement is conflicting and lacks meaningful information that could alter the conclusion. In making her argument Ms. Ford leaves out an array of relevant information in blaming outsourcing as the cause of the current recession. She provides absolutely no evidence to substantiate this clam and inserts the under detailed personal experience of her brother-in-law to establish her case. Further Ms. Ford includes several statistics in an attempt to make the case against privatization. First she states that according to her brother-in-law, 80% management does not keep their promise for rehire. Next she states that there are an additional 20% in hidden costs when outsourcing public service jobs. In presenting both statistics Ms. Ford fails to provide any supporting information to confirm these figures. Finally, Ms. Ford concluded her argument by stating the Governor should abandon the wasteful convention center project. At no point does she provide any reinforcing information to show the convention center project is indeed wasteful. Instead it appears to be a comment based on personal and biased opinion. Step 10: What reasonable conclusions are possible? (Browne Keeley, 2012, Chapter 12) Browne Keeley place significant emphasis on â€Å"qualifying conclusions by putting them into context† (Browne Keeley, 2012, p. 164). In other words it is important to understand the reasons to draw the conclusions. Having read and scrutinized the memo the following is a short list of conclusions that can be gleaned along with what can be drawn from supporting reasons: 1) The state of New Mexico could potentially save $250,000. 00 per year in budgeted personnel costs but will first need to work closely with APEU Local No. 121 members to give them a clear understanding of their future employment and compensation prospects. 2) There are hidden costs associated with outsourcing that need to be considered and may make privatization an unviable option. ) Outsourcing the information systems management function of the New Mexico DMV poses security risks that must be explored. These security risks and associated hidden costs of third party oversight may make privatization unpractical. 4) There are other public projects that can be looked at for state budgetary savings. However, APEU Local No. 121 members must realize that other projects likely employ other union members and cuts to those projects will affect unrelated employees. References Browne, M. N. , Keeley, S. M. (2012). Asking the right questions (10th ed. ). Pearson Education, Inc. Digital History. (2012). The pendleton act (1883). Retrieved from http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/disp_textbook. cfm? smtID=3psid=1098 Milestone Documents. (n. d. ). Pendleton civil service act. Retrieved from http://www. milestonedocuments. com/documents/view/pendleton-civil-service-act Nightingale, D. , Pindus, N. (1997). Privatization of public social services: a background paper. Retrieved from http://www. urban. org/publications/407023. html Wikipedia. (n. d. ). Pendleton civil reform act. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pendleton_Civil_Service_Reform_Act Critical Thinking Essay Example Critical Thinking Essay Prerequisite: none Course Description: English languages skills for critical reading from different sources and media and effective writing on topics of students’ interests. Course Objectives: Students will be able to 1. analyze and synthesize information 2. write effectively Course Contents:No. f Lect. HoursSelf-Study 1. Introduction1. 5 2. Unit 1 Critical Reading4. 5 3. Unit 2 Bridge to Critical Thinking4. 5 4. Unit 3 Effective Writing7. 5 5. Unit 4 Weighing It Out9 6. Unit 5 Looking for a Reason9 7. Unit 6 Finding a Way Out9 8. Self-Study 90 Total45Course Evaluations: 1. Attendance10 % (Take off 1 point for each absence. Only 15 minutes-late is allowed, Otherwise 0. 5 point is deducted. ) 2. Writing (In-class writing)30 % 2. 1 In-Class Writing I : Summary 6 % . 2 In-Class Writing II : Is it the same? 8 % 2. 3 In-Class Writing III : It’s time to debate. 8 % 2. 4 In-Class Writing IV : It’s time to find the way out. 8 % 3. Midterm Exam30 % 4. Final Exam30 % Total 100 % Class Attendance Notice: No in-class writing make up unless a medical report from Maharaj Hospital is presented or the course coordinators of English 201 allows the make up. Students whose absence is 7 classes will not be allowed to go for the final examination.